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#12 - Disease in Africa

Explore the origins of HIV in Central Africa, the spread of HIV and its devastating impact in sub-Saharan Africa, the challenges of preventing and treating malaria, and the deadly consequences of water-related diseases. Discover how African countries are combating these diseases and the ongoing issues they face.

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#12 - Disease in Africa

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  1. Unit 7: Africa #12 - Disease in Africa

  2. HIV • Where did HIV originate? • Conclusive evidence points to Central Africa • Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) • Disease carried by Chimpanzee’s in Cameroon • Chimpanzee’s were butchered and sold for their meat • Over Years disease evolved into HIV-1 which could be carried by humans • 2000 people suspected of having it by 1960’s

  3. Out Break: HIV 1970-1989 • Brought about opportunistic infections • Meningitis, tuberculosis, specific pneumonia • How it spread: • One person brought it down from Cameroon. • Spread quickly through sexual network. • Carried into eastern Africa • Reached epidemic proportions in 1980’s

  4. HIV Mortality • 2/3rds of all people infected live in sub-Saharan Africa • 10% of world population • More then 15 million have died since the start of the epidemic • Life expectancy in some countries has fallen 20 years • Swaziland = 31 years old

  5. African Success story? • Uganda’s first AIDS control program was set up in 1987 to educate the public about how to avoid becoming infected with HIV. • ABC program • Abstinence • Be Faithful • Condoms

  6. Those Living with Aids

  7. Those Receiving Drugs

  8. Malaria • Begins with a bite • 9 to 14 days later symptoms appear • Kills by destroying Red blood cells and clogging capillaries. • If treatment is not available could become life threatening.

  9. Malaria in Africa • 300 million cases globally • 90% in Africa • Leading killer of under 5 year olds • Costs Africa 12 billion • 40% of public health funds • 30-50% of hospital admissions.

  10. Issues with prevention • Lack Infrastructure and resources • Hospitals • Campaigns to distribute nets • Drug Resistance • Resistance is common to chloroquine the cheapest and widely used. • Rapid Response • Too many not taken to hospital

  11. Can be prevented • The people are in dire need of nets to avoid acquiring this disease. • Only 34% of households own an insecticide-treated bed net

  12. Water based Disease • Water-related diseases caused by dirty water are killing more than 5 million people each year • Water-borne diseases include cholera, typhoid, polio, meningitis

  13. Pollution and Urbanization • The greatest contributor to water pollution is mining ALSO • Poor sewage systems also contribute to the water pollution in Africa. 

  14. Water pollution cycle • Finally, cattle and other livestock are also drinking the water. • They produce milk or butchered for meatwhich produces contaminated food

  15. Cholera in West Africa Article • http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/2012/aug/20/west-africa-toilets-slums-cholera

  16. Links • Malaria IRIN special • http://www.irinnews.org/film/4127/HEA/Health-Nutrition/Killer-Number-One-Malaria • China’s counterfeit malaria drugs • http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/dec/23/malaria-fake-medicines-africa-china

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