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Experiments for Silica Characterization. Rachel Feltner. Structure. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Electron interactions with atoms in sample Uses: topography, composition, electron, conductivity, and more X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Measure how x-ray scatters due to target
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Experiments for Silica Characterization Rachel Feltner
Structure • Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) • Electron interactions with atoms in sample • Uses: topography, composition, electron, conductivity, and more • X-ray Diffraction (XRD) • Measure how x-ray scatters due to target • Uses: structural analysis • BET Theory • Relates adsorption of gas to surface area • Uses: measure surface area
Cellular Response • Self-Referencing • Technique using concentration sensors • Accurately measure flux of metabolic analytes • Uses: quantify cell response to mineralization • Confocal Microscopy • Improved microscopy that eliminates “background noise” • Uses: has been combined with live/dead assay • Flow Cytometry • Measures fluorescents and scattering effects of particles • Uses: DNA and RNA content, cell viability, apoptosis, cell adherence, ect.
Composition • Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX, EDS) • Measures x-rays released from the filling of electron holes • Uses: determine the constituent atoms of sample • Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) • Measures infrared absorption, emission, Raman scattering, ect. • Uses: determine what bonds are present in sample
Other Techniques • Particle Sizing • Multisizer 4 Coulter Counter used in Dave’s paper • Uses: determine how much biofilm breaks off in flow • Fluorescent Micrographs • Fluorescent dye added to gel • Uses: determine if premade gel has made a coat on cells