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An Analysis of Advantages and Disadvantages of Several Options for Producing

The Thomas Jefferson Program in Public Policy. An Analysis of Advantages and Disadvantages of Several Options for Producing Excellence in Education in Williamsburg. Williamsburg Education Review Committee. Introduction. Steve Harrison. Teacher Costs/Retention. A G E N D A.

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An Analysis of Advantages and Disadvantages of Several Options for Producing

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  1. The Thomas Jefferson Program in Public Policy An Analysis of Advantages and Disadvantages of Several Options for Producing Excellence in Education in Williamsburg Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  2. Introduction Steve Harrison Teacher Costs/Retention A GENDA Tim Harwood Other Staffing Costs Tim Harwood Operational Costs Stephanie Bush New Opportunities Steve Harrison Conclusion/Questions Stephanie Bush

  3. The Thomas Jefferson Program in Public Policy INTRODUCTION Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  4. WJCC did not meet “adequate yearly progress standards” in the 08-09 VDOE Report Card. • All 14 schools are accredited • Community grew by 44% from 1995-2006 • 2008-2009 Budget: $115,169,610 • Williamsburg Pays Approximately $7 Million • VDOE’s Local Composite Index: • Williamsburg would pay 80% of its own costs • James City County would only pay 53% State of the System Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  5. Contract was last amended in 2007 • Cost Sharing Calculation is determined by looking at average school division daily membership on September 30 • City or County may Terminate Contract at any time • Officially ends after next full school year • Williamsburg would retain 100% equity in Matthew Whaley, James Blair, and Berkeley • Williamsburg would lose equity acquired in schools built since 2006 (i.e. Warhill High School) The Contract . . . Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  6. 2008-2009 Ethnic Breakdown: • WJCC: 68.6% White / Williamsburg : 51.3% White • Virginia Assessment Ratings for African Americans in WJCC as compared to State Percentages: • 5th Grade = Behind in Writing & Science • 8th Grade = Behind in Reading, Writing, & Science • High School = Behind in Reading, Writing, Science, and History • 2007-2008 African American Dropout Rate Diversity: Problems & Promises Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  7. Small School Systems • Norton, Virginia • Covington, Virginia • School System Splits: Proposed & Actual • Bridgewater-Raynham, Massachusetts • Jordan-Canyon, Utah • Middleton-Cross Plains, Wisconsin • School District-Collegiate Partnerships • Harvard University -Cambridge, MA • Harvard University -Boston, MA • Trinity College – Hartford, CT Case Studies . . . Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  8. The Thomas Jefferson Program in Public Policy TEACHER COSTS/ RETENTION Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  9. WJC Staff allocations applied to student population in the city (750 students) • Core and Resource Teacher – WJC student teacher ratios • Other instructional staff – WJC minimums • Administrative staff – WJC minimums and student ratios • WJC average teacher and staff salaries • Cost of WJC employee benefits • VRS, FICA, average WJC health plan Cost Modeling Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  10. 382 students Teaching staff: 19 core classroom teachers, 5.5 resource teachers, 5.5 specialized teachers, and 12 other instructional staff. Administrative staff: 2.5 clerical staff 1 principal and 1 assistant principal Total cost: $2,888,125 (low) $3,099,437 (high) Elementary School Instructional Costs Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  11. 172 students Teaching staff: 10.5 core & resource teachers, 3.5 specialized teachers, and 5 other instructional staff. Administrative staff: 1 clerical staff 1 principal and 1 assistant principal Total cost: $1,505,664 (low) $1,594,369 (high) Middle School Instructional Costs Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  12. 240 students Teaching staff: 15 core & resource teachers, 2 specialized teachers, and 5 other instructional staff. Administrative staff: 2.5 clerical staff 1 principal and 1 assistant principal Total cost: $1,857,463 (low) $1,947,390 (high) High School Instructional Costs Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  13. Baseline Instructional Costs Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  14. Kindergarten: teachers needed per year(20 students per teacher) Williamsburg Education Review Committee Note: Each bar represents the student population for that year, and the number above each bar represents the number of teachers needed for that year.

  15. Changes in Teacher Needs (WJC Student Teacher Ratios) Williamsburg Education Review Committee Note: Asterisks denote when two additional teachers are needed.

  16. WJCC/Williamsburg Student Teacher Ratios Williamsburg Education Review Committee Note: The Williamsburg student teacher ratio is for 3rd grade is 12:1

  17. Changes in Teacher Needs (Williamsburg Student Teacher Ratios] Williamsburg Education Review Committee Note: One asterisk denotes when two additional teachers are needed. Two asterisks denote when two fewer teachers are needed.

  18. Problems Teachers cannot easily be moved to balance needs Lack of job security may reduce the quality of teachers in a city school system Possible solution Retain teachers that have been hired Problems with Changes in Teacher Need Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  19. Williamsburg Education Review Committee Kindergarten: Teachers Retained (Williamsburg ratio: 12 students per teacher) Note: Each bar represents the student population for that year. The bold number above each bar represents the number of teachers needed for that year if teachers are retained. The number within each bar represents the number of teachers needed for that year if teachers are not retained.

  20. Williamsburg Education Review Committee Quality Costs: Elementary School * Student populations based on September 20, 2008 enrollment count.

  21. Williamsburg Education Review Committee Quality Costs: Middle School * Student populations based on September 20, 2008 enrollment count.

  22. Quality Costs: High School Williamsburg Education Review Committee * Student populations based on September 20, 2008 enrollment count.

  23. The Thomas Jefferson Program in Public Policy Central Office & Non-Instructional Staff Costs Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  24. Williamsburg Education Review Committee Central Office Staff Costs Note: Central Office staff allocations are based on the assumption that only one employee is needed for each position. Not all WJC Central Office staff positions are accounted for.

  25. Williamsburg Education Review Committee Non-instructional Staff Costs Note: Non-instructional staff allocations are based on WJC student to staff ratios. The allocations also assume that the Williamsburg school system will operate in two buildings.

  26. Reducing the number of school administrators needed by combining grade levels. Loan excess teachers to JCC or York County Reduce the size of the Central Office WJC has 40 Central Office positions Millis, MA K-12 school system serves 1,400 students and has 9 Central Office positions Williamsburg Education Review Committee Cost Saving Measures

  27. The Thomas Jefferson Program in Public Policy Operational Costs Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  28. Per Student • Per Full Time Employee (FTE) • Per Building • Per Bus Formulas Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  29. WJCamt/WJCstudents * WMBGstudents • Ex: Textbooks and Workbooks • Ex: Technology Hardware • *WJC students = 10,360, pg 364 WJCC budget • *Williamsburg students = 794, pg. 13 2008 Student Enrollment Report Per Student Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  30. WJCamt/WJCftes * WMBGftes • Ex: Compensated Travel • Ex: Dues and Memberships • Ex: Staff Development • Number of employees vary with function Per FTE Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  31. WJCamt/WJCbldgs * WMBGbldgs • Ex: Leases and Rentals • Ex: Electricity • Ex: Refuse Removal • *WJC buildings = 14, pg 364 WJCC budget • *Wmbg buildings = 2 (would only utilize 2 of 3) Per Building Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  32. WJCamt/WJCbuses * WMBGbuses • Ex: Vehicle Fuels • Ex: Vehicle Supplies • *WJC school buses = 116 buses and 3 automobiles • *Williamsburg school buses = 9 buses Per Bus Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  33. Bus Drivers/ Bus Aides • WJCbuses/WJCstudents 1 bus/ 87 students • WMBGstudents/87  Wmbg needs 9 buses • WJCbuses/WJCdrivers  1 driver/ 1.23 buses •  Wmbg needs 7.31 drivers • WJCbuses/WJCaides  1 aide/4.58 school buses •  Wmbg needs 2 aides Staff Allocations Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  34. Instruction & School Admin Staffing - • Central Office Staffing – • Other Staffing – • Operational Costs – • Total: Baseline Williamsburg K-12 Totals Williamsburg Education Review Committee • $6.2-$6.6 million • $1.5 million • $1.2 -$1.4 million • $1.7 million • At least $10.6 million

  35. Would lose 100% equity in 3 buildings • Would constrict their ability to effectively house students • Would lose three of the most valuable pieces of property • Would become whiter/ less diverse • Slightly higher per student cost • Would lose Williamsburg’s $7 million contribution • Would lose approximately 8% of its student base • Elementary School – 382 Students • Middle School – 172 Students • High School – 240 Students • Would receive more state aid JCC Impact Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  36. The Thomas Jefferson Program in Public Policy NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR EXCELLENCE Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  37. School of Education • Dr. Steve Staples enthusiastically believes that the School of Education would work with Williamsburg • Often wanted to work with WJCC but no offer made • Would work on curriculum, offer advice from research on new ways to educate • Greater Student Teacher Involvement • Project Civic Engagement 360 • Provide academic resources from the College to civic entrepreneurs and public officials • Helps the community while students and faculty receive practical experience from seasoned practitioners William & Mary Partnership Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  38. U.S. Department of Education • “Class size reduction in the early grades leads to higher achievement.” • Class sizes should be under 20; Under 15 preferable • Tennessee S.T.A.R. Project • “Small classes have an advantage over larger classes in reading and math in early primary grades” • Advantage even greater among socioeconomically disadvantaged • WJCC Student/Teacher Ratio 2008-2009: • K-2 = 20:1 • 3-5 = 25:1 Smaller Class Sizes Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  39. Green School Definition: • Designed and operated to be environmentally sustainable and to provide a healthier indoor environment for students, teachers, and others • Value Through Sustainability • Green schools save money in the long run due to “reduced energy consumption and operating costs” • Example: Virginia Beach, Virginia • First LEED Certified Elementary School in Virginia (2005) • Special filters installed in the heating and cooling system • Building materials that contain a percentage of recyclable elements; • Structural design that promotes an abundant flow of sunlight • Replaced Theater Lights in Green Run High School • 50,000 watts of incandescent lighting replaced with 2,847 watts LED • Potential Cost Savings of $12,732 per year Green Schools . . . Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  40. Current School Day Begins: • Elementary = 8:35/9:20 a.m. • Middle = 7:20/8:05 a.m. • High = 7:20 a.m. • A Study on the subject found that 40% of U.S. teens reported being tired in the morning,” while many other nations found only “15% of teens reported a tired feeling at day’s start” • Congressional Resolution “ZZZ’s to A’s” • Asks School Systems to push the beginning of the school day back to 9:00 a.m. or later Circadian Rhythm . . . Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  41. Laptops allow students intimate access to technology • Example: Fulletron, California: • Families lease a computer for 3 years @ $1,200. At end of lease device is theirs to keep. • Example: Henrico County, VA • 2009 Budget for Dell Laptops: $12,270,967 • All 6-12 grade students given a laptop, middle school laptops with heavier parental controls • Elementary Schools get 5 laptops in each classroom • Also created a help desk, an e-Learning Program • Costs broken down to per-pupil: $254.47 • If a Williamsburg/Dell contract had the same laptop cost per-pupil, it would cost the City $203,575. Learning with Laptops? Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  42. Williamsburg would only utilize 2 School Buildings • Hampton, VA experimenting with two K-8 Schools, housing 1,300 students each • Duke University Study: • Sixth Graders who attend Middle School are much more likely to be cited for discipline problems • Even occurs when controlling for other demographic characteristics • Behavior continues through 9th grade • Recommends that 6th grade stay in Elementary School Split Down the Middle? Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  43. Virtual AP Programs • Access to AP & Foreign Language Classes • Developed by WHRO, Owned by VDOE, Free to Use • Technical Education • Possible Partnership with TNCC Workforce Development? • Governor Warner offered to help students post-high school • Apple’s “Challenge Based Learning” • “An engaging multidisciplinary approach to teaching and learning that encourages students to leverage the technology they use in their daily lives to solve real world problems” • Employs team based learning & technology • Solve Interdisciplinary Problems • Example: Determine how your water usage affects the planet and how we can better employ our community water sources Innovative Curriculum Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  44. The Thomas Jefferson Program in Public Policy CONCLUSIONS Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  45. Greatest Advantage: • Autonomy to make educational quality policy choices • Greatest Disadvantage: • Cost is significantly over what Williamsburg currently contributes to the WJCC school system Conclusions Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  46. Final Length: 170 pages • Presentation is an abbreviated overview of the report • For easy reference, use the table of contents • Appendix divided into three sections The Finished Document Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  47. Amy Farley, W.E.R.C. Chairwoman • Clyde Haulman, Vice Mayor, W&M Professor • David Finifter, W&M Professor • Earl Praeger, Apple Computers of Virginia • Henrico County Public Schools • Jessica Rodgers, Volunteer Research Assistant • Joseph Hayes, Research Assistant • Paul Manna, W&M Professor • Steve Staples, W&M Professor • Scott Burckbuchler, WJCC Chief Financial Officer • The College of William & Mary School of Education • Virginia Beach City Public Schools • York County Public Schools • Williamsburg Education Review Committee (W.E.R.C.) Special Thanks . . . Williamsburg Education Review Committee

  48. The Thomas Jefferson Program in Public Policy QUESTIONS? Williamsburg Education Review Committee

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