Fire Protection Equipment & Systems

1. Fire Protection Equipment & Systems Chapter 9

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3. Fire Protection Please read chapter 9. • Please review, know and understand the terms related to fire protection page 284. • Know the Classifications of Fires 9.1.1 • Know Classification of Hazards 9.1.2 • Know the Use or Occupancy 9.1.4 • Void sections 9.7.7 through 9.7.9. • Study the remainder of the chapter • See additional reading CSI specifications • Article - The Evolution of Modern Automatic Fire Sprinklers

4. Fire Protection Commercial Buildings CSI Division • Includes: • Electrical • Piping • Equipment • Controls • Detection of fire and smoke • Suppression

5. Fire Protection CSI Division Numbers Division 21 Fire Suppression (new) 21 10 00 Water – Based Fire- Suppression Systems 21 13 00 Fire-Suppression Sprinkler Systems 21 13 13 Wet-Pipe Sprinkler Systems 21 13 16 Dry-Pipe Sprinkler Systems 21 13 19 Preaction Sprinkler Systems 21 13 23 Combined Dry-Pipe and Preaction Sprinkler Systems 21 13 26 Deluge Fire-Suppression Sprinkler Systems 21 13 29 Water Spray Fixed Systems 21 13 36 Antifreeze Sprinkler Systems 21 13 39 Foam-Water Systems

6. Fire Protection Old CSI Fire Protection System (See separate readings – Web Site) • Division 10520 Fire Extinguishers & Cabinets

7. Fire Protection Old CSI Fire Protection System (See separate required readings – Web Site) • Division 15000 Mechanical General Provisions • Division 15300 Fire Protection • Division 16722 Fire Alarm System

8. Specification • Making sure the various Contract Documents coincide • Shop Drawing • Specifications Review • Coordination

9. Fire Protection Section 15000 - MECHANICAL GENERAL PROVISIONS Each specification section within their respective Division shall be coordinated with all other sections in that division for related work. The project documents contemplate the complete installation of the systems described herein, or shown on the drawings, so that at the conclusion of the construction, the systems will be turned over to the Owner complete and ready for safe, efficient operation. The Contractor shall be obliged to furnish and install all such items normally included on systems of this type, which while not mentioned directly herein are obviously essential to the installation and operation of the systems, and which are normally furnished on installations of this type.

10. Fire Protection General: Refer to the Division 1 sections for general coordination requirements applicable to the entire work. The Contractor shall recognize that the Contract Documents are diagrammatic in showing certain physical relationships that must be established within the mechanical and electrical work, and in its interface with other work including utilities and that such establishment is the exclusive responsibility of the Contractor. This Contractor shall be responsible for work fitting in place without conflict with other trades, where proper planning could avoid interference. This Contractor shall examine the locations and verify all measurements, distances, elevations and existing conditions before starting work. Because the drawings are diagrammatic and on a small scale, all rises, drops, offsets, etc., have not been shown. The Contractor shall agree to provide and install the necessary piping, fittings, valves, duets, duct fittings and offsets, and other specialties to suit such conditions without additional cost to the Owner. Mechanical drawings shall not be used for general construction dimensions or for type of material used for general construction. For exact building layout, dimensions and building materials used Contractor shall refer to Architectural Drawings.

11. Fire Protection • False Ceilings • Tight spaces

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13. Fire Protection • High Rise Buildings • Determined by length of fire ladder • Around 75 feet • Buildings constructed as high rise 50 to over 100 floors and there designs are coordinated by the local fire departments and fire marshals. • Consideration for interior materials is paramount • Codes and structural components need to meet National Fire Codes.

14. Fire Protection • Types of Sprinkler Systems 􀂄Wet Sprinkler System 􀂄Dry Sprinkler System 􀂄Deluge Sprinkler System 􀂄Pre-Action Sprinkler System

15. Fire Protection Wet pipe systems • Wet pipe sprinkler systems • Most installed • Most reliable • Simple • Only operating components being the automatic sprinklers • An automatic water supply provides water under pressure to the system piping.

16. Fire Protection Wet Systems 􀂄Water is in branch lines and at the sprinkler heads at all times 􀂄Wet Systems cannot be in areas that may freeze 􀂄Water pressure must be maintained at all times 􀂄Water Pumps are put in place to keep water pressure at a certain PSI 􀂄There is no delay in time that water is put on the fire 􀂄Require the least amount of maintenance

17. Fire Protection Dry pipe systems • Dry pipe systems installed where temperature will freeze water in a wet pipe system. • Dry pipe systems are most often used in unheated buildings, in parking garages, in outside canopies attached to heated buildings

18. Fire Protection Dry Sprinkler System 􀂄Require Air Pressure instead of water in the Branch Lines 􀂄The Air Pressure holds down a Clapper Valve, so that water can not be introduced into the system, unless the air pressure is lost 􀂄Used in areas that may freeze 􀂄An air compressor keeps a constant pressure in the system 􀂄When a Fire releases a sprinkler head, the air is released from the piping, and stops holding down the valve that was holding the water back, and water is released

19. Fire Protection Dry Sprinkler Systems 􀂄Standpipes are used in stairwells to have a water way established for hand lines. 􀂄These systems have a high maintenance cost, due to corrosion in the pipe with only air, and a little bit of water. 􀂄Might take up to 60 seconds to get water on the fire, depending on how big the system is.

20. Fire Protection Dry Sprinkler Systems

21. Fire Protection Fusible Link Sprinklers vs. Glass Bulb Sprinklers • All wet-pipe sprinklers are held closed by either a fusible link or a glass bulb that contains a heat-sensitive liquid. • A fusible link sprinkler head has a two-part metal element that is fused by a heat-sensitive alloy. • Water is only released by sprinkler heads where the ambient temperature reaches a specified level

22. Fire Protection • Glass bulb sprinkler heads have a small glass reservoir that holds a heat-sensitive liquid. • This glass bulb holds the pip cap in place. • When the ambient temperature of the liquid reaches a certain level, the liquid expands causing the glass bulb to break, which allows the pip cap to fall away releasing water.

23. Fire Protection Deluge 􀂄Deluge Valves are used in special areas 􀂄Sprinkler heads are open at all times 􀂄Used in High Hazard areas 􀂄Deluge Valve opens during a smoke or heat detection 􀂄Deluge systems are needed where high velocity suppression is necessary

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27. Fire Protection Designer type of sprinkler heads. Painting?

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32. Fire Protection • Over 50,000 types of sprinkler heads available for designers Based On:  • System Type • Activation Temperature • Orifice Size • Thread Size • Coverage • Finish • Fusible Type

33. Fire Protection • Types of Sprinkler Heads • Pendants • Uprights • Sidewalls • Concealed • Special Coverage

34. Fire Protection Pendants

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36. Fire Protection Uprights

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38. Fire Protection Sidewalls Sidewalls

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40. Fire Protection Concealed

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42. Fire Protection Special Coverage

43. Fire Protection Foam Water Fire Sprinkler System • Special application system • Discharging a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrate • Used with special hazards occupancies • associated with high challenge fires • flammable liquids • airport hangars.

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48. Fire Proofing • PBDE’s • Furniture • Clothing • Electronics