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The Learning Brain

The Learning Brain. Your brain is a physical organ that changes throughout life. The ability of the brain to modify and adapt is called brain plasticity . Pruning or Paring back. Overview. myelin.

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The Learning Brain

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  1. The Learning Brain

  2. Your brain is a physicalorganthatchangesthroughout life. The ability of the brain to modify and adaptiscalled brain plasticity. Pruning or Paring back

  3. Overview

  4. myelin is a dielectric (electrically insulating) material that forms a layer, the myelin sheath, usually around only the axon of a neuron. The main purpose of a myelin layer (or sheath) is to increase the speed at which impulses propagate along the myelinated fiber. myelinsafeguards the connectionsbetweenneurons and helpsmakememorystronger.

  5. learning Practice and rehearsalresults in the brain creating more myelin. Therefore… Practicemakesconnections more stable, more automatic and faster.

  6. short termmemory Short term memory is the capacity for holding a small amount of information in mind in an active, readily available state for a short period of time. How short and howmuch can youremember??? Let’s take a test.

  7. Demonstration Ready…………. 1, 2, 3

  8. p k r s

  9. m v e t y p a

  10. js u r k g j w o q h w

  11. Thisis a Biologylessonabout human memory and learning

  12. answers pkrs (4 items, mostpeoplegetthem) mvetypa ( 7 items, manypeoplegetthem) jsurkgjwoqhw (12 items, mostpeoplecan’tgetthemall) Thisis a Biologylesseon about human memory and learning (by chunkingletterstogetherwe can getall or most) Short termmemory can hold information for a matter of seconds Short termcapacity (withoutchunks, withoutrehearsal) can hold + /- 7 items

  13. workingmemory Working memory is a theoretical framework that refers to structures and processes used for temporarily storing and manipulating information. As such, working memory might also be referred to as working attention. Working memory and attention together play a major role in the processes of thinking. WM depends on the prefrontalcortexaswellasothercerebralcorticalareas.

  14. coordinative retrieval from LTM • maintainingattention • inhibitingthingsthatdistractus • ability to recombine new information

  15. Long Term Memory

  16. Long Term Memory Studies using functional brain imaging have identified a large network of areas in the cerebral cortex that work together with the hippocampus to support declarative memory.

  17. long termmemory: declarativeknowledge ourability to learn and consciouslyremembereverydayfacts and events Forms of declarativeknowledge 1. Semantic: includes general facts and data. different cortical networks are specialized for processing particular kinds of information, such as faces, houses, tools, actions, language, and many other categories of knowledge.

  18. declarativeknowledge Forms of declarativememory 2. episodicmemories or autobiographical: memories of specific personal experiences that occurred at a particular place and time The medial temporal lobe areas are generally believed to serve a critical role in the initial processing and storage of these memories.

  19. Nondeclarativeknowledge Procedural memories: is expressed in skilled behavior and learned habits and requires processing by the basal ganglia and cerebellum. The cerebellum is specifically involved in motor tasks that involve coordinated timing. The amygdala appears to play an important role in the emotional aspects of memory, attaching emotional significance to otherwise neutral stimuli and events.

  20. How are memoriesstored in the brain? persistentchange in synapses short term – throughbiochemicaleventsthataffect the strength of the relevantsynapse. long term – long –termpotentiation (LTP): a long lastingincrease in the strength of a synapticresponse.

  21. Long term potentiation or LTP is an activity-dependent increase in synaptic strength that is thought to reflect how an individual neuron “learns” a. LTP in the hippocampus depends on NMDA receptors, a kind of glutamate receptor b. The increased expression of neurotrophinsand other proteins have been implicated in the long term changes in synaptic strength underlying learning. Increased synaptic strength may also occur via changes located presynaptically such as increases in the amount of neurotransmitter released and/or synaptic growth (increasing the size of existing synapses or inducing the formation of new synapses)

  22. learning and the limbicsystem The limbicsystemoverrides the prefrontalcortex. In particular the amygdala - responsible for preparing the body for emergency situations, such as being 'startled', and for storing memories of events for future recognition. If you feel threatened or emotional – learning is impaired.

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