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EVA_pm : How XML can Scaffold Project-Based Learning

EVA_pm : How XML can Scaffold Project-Based Learning. Paraskevi (Vivian) SYNTETA, Daniel K. Schneider TECFA - FPSE, Univ. of Geneva May 9, 2002. http://tecfa.unige.ch/tecfa/teaching/staf18/files-h/EVA_pm/commNcontrol.html.

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EVA_pm : How XML can Scaffold Project-Based Learning

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  1. EVA_pm: How XML can Scaffold Project-Based Learning Paraskevi (Vivian) SYNTETA, Daniel K. Schneider TECFA - FPSE, Univ. of Geneva May 9, 2002 http://tecfa.unige.ch/tecfa/teaching/staf18/files-h/EVA_pm/commNcontrol.html

  2. A constructivist instructional model that organises learning around projects. Project-Based Learning Advantages Challenges • Increases student motivation • Improves student problem-solving • Promotes meta-cognition • Promotes self-regulated self-learning • Opportunities for interdisciplinary learning • Culminates in realistic results • Initiating inquiry • Direct investigations • Managing time • Overcome writer’s block • Limited experience in project design • Collaboration & feedback • Project follow-up • Monitoring progress • Monitoring knowledge Vivian (Paraskevi) SYNTETA, ICNEE ‘02, Lugano, 8-11/5/2002

  3. EVA_pm Efforts to improve PBL Guzdial CSILE Team Facilitator CaMILE Learning Appropriate Goals Barron et al. Reflective learner Torp & Sage Initiate inquiry Collaboration Direct inquiry PIViT Klein et al. Cognitive & Technology Group PBLSS WBILE Blumenfeld et al. Design Diary MOST Barron et al. Draw conclusions Overall context Acquire & present knowledge Vivian (Paraskevi) SYNTETA, ICNEE ‘02, Lugano, 8-11/5/2002

  4. initiate inquiry direct investigations manage time knowledge on project design team management promote reflection scaffold tutors role motivate … EVA_pm’s Goal • A constructivist online environment for: • PBL Effectiveness (by scaffolding) • Methodological competence • Professional competence • Social competence • Meta-cognitive skills • Efficiency (for students) • Affordability (for tutors) overcome writer’s block Vivian (Paraskevi) SYNTETA, ICNEE ‘02, Lugano, 8-11/5/2002

  5. EVA_pm’s components • Instructional method • EVA_pm ML • EVA_paper ML • commNcontrol + tools • Virtual Book Vivian (Paraskevi) SYNTETA, ICNEE ‘02, Lugano, 8-11/5/2002

  6. Instructional design • Testing EVA_pm • Course: STAF-18 (Edutech) Level: Postgraduate (MSc) • Instructional model: Project approach • Format: Mixed (1w present, 4w distance) Background: Various Vivian (Paraskevi) SYNTETA, ICNEE ‘02, Lugano, 8-11/5/2002

  7. Development method Co-operative prototyping • with STAF-18 mostly Evolution of commNcontrol Evolution of Virtual Book Vivian (Paraskevi) SYNTETA, ICNEE ‘02, Lugano, 8-11/5/2002

  8. EVA_pm ML Markup Language for project specification & management • specification (setting goals, breaking them up into achievable objectives) • scaffolding to initiate inquiry • express and concretise ideas • reflect on solutions by providing explanations • produce a coherent research design • management (work packages, planning) • structure the work • for planning, communication, reflection and resourcefulness • meta-report (meta-cognitive scaffolding) • reflection to engage in learning • enhance learning by monitoring understanding XML as cognitive tool Vivian (Paraskevi) SYNTETA, ICNEE ‘02, Lugano, 8-11/5/2002

  9. EVA_pm ML example (merci Nico :) Resources Work packages Comments Specification Vivian (Paraskevi) SYNTETA, ICNEE ‘02, Lugano, 8-11/5/2002

  10. EVA_paper ML Markup Language for project’s final paper • about the final product (summary, intro, body, conclusions, etc.) • scaffolding to writing a paper • express and concretise ideas • reconstruct learning • meta-reflect on the result(s) by providing explanations • produce a coherent research review • focus on text, distract attention from decoration Vivian (Paraskevi) SYNTETA, ICNEE ‘02, Lugano, 8-11/5/2002

  11. EVA_paper ML example (merci René & Sylvain :) Main body Abstract - Preface Introduction Conclusions Vivian (Paraskevi) SYNTETA, ICNEE ‘02, Lugano, 8-11/5/2002

  12. commNcontrol & tools EVA’s web portal for the projects (for tutors, students, guests) • monitor, share & visualize information • through the portal that parses XML information • motivate with peering • through awareness tools • promote collaboration & scaffold interaction with tutor(s) • through discussion tools & mailing lists • facilitate group editing • through a versioning system (file transfer tools and file locking) • facilitate tutor’s evaluation(s) • through the evaluation tools (audits & final evaluation) Vivian (Paraskevi) SYNTETA, ICNEE ‘02, Lugano, 8-11/5/2002

  13. Configuration according to authentication Mailing lists tutor student Visualise complete files Awareness Tools commNcontrol ex. (merci nathalie & Yves :) Vivian (Paraskevi) SYNTETA, ICNEE ‘02, Lugano, 8-11/5/2002

  14. Virtual Book EVA’s web portal for the papers • concretise students work • by seeing it as a part of a virtual book • distribute results (peer benefits) • through the portal that parses XML information • searchable information • by being structured Vivian (Paraskevi) SYNTETA, ICNEE ‘02, Lugano, 8-11/5/2002

  15. Implementation • XML Infoset • Grammars: 2 major DTD’s (as cognitive tools), • 4 minor (for data storing) & 1 reused (ibtwsh6.dtd) • XML files: 4 major (to structure semantics), 4 minor(to store data) • XSLT: 7 stylesheets (to visualize) • Cocoon (Apache XML Project) • it’s XSL processor to transform to HTML & XIncludes (to merge) • Java • 8 Java servlets • 2 Java classes • reuse & modification of a DOMWriter • import of an O’Reilly class • SAX & DOM API • to parse XML files & update them Vivian (Paraskevi) SYNTETA, ICNEE ‘02, Lugano, 8-11/5/2002

  16. Testing & Evaluation • Evaluation = Prototyping (Qualitative approach) • Group: 12 students STAF-2001 (mostly) • Medium: Observation, monitoring, discussion, questionnaire, case-study, interviews, project evaluation, comparison between promotions, … • Evaluation of the LE (Learning Environment) • general approach: good & encouraging • grammar : quite mature • toolset: useful & stable scripting code • usability of the online interface: can be improved • XML editing: remains difficult & challenging objective • Evaluation of the student learning • Fairly good: Students manage to make a simple research plan • Evaluation of the tutor’s facilitation • Scaffolds tutor’s role, facilitates monitoring, feedback & evaluation tasks Vivian (Paraskevi) SYNTETA, ICNEE ‘02, Lugano, 8-11/5/2002

  17. initiate inquiry direct investigations manage time knowledge on project design team management promote reflection scaffold tutors role motivate … improved Conclusions improved Initial goal Design and develop the prototype of a constructivist environment and method to scaffold students projects through all it’s phases. improved achieved almost improved almost improved distribute to bigger audiences improved ? ? ? improved verify whether knowledge was acquired Vivian (Paraskevi) SYNTETA, ICNEE ‘02, Lugano, 8-11/5/2002

  18. Perspectives • Interesting method • needs more testing (bigger/different classes - better XML editor) • interface can be improved thanks to feedback gathered • Wishing list for future versions of EVA_pm • easier editing • time flexible (for every promotion) • better interface of commNcontrol (usability) • more interaction features • possibility to configure the grammars • make EVA_pm a Web archive (a servlet 2.3 compatible *.war distribution) to make it completely portable Vivian (Paraskevi) SYNTETA, ICNEE ‘02, Lugano, 8-11/5/2002

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