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The Earth-Moon-Sun System

The Earth-Moon-Sun System. Chapter 22.2. Motions of Earth. The main two motions of Earth are rotation and revolution Rotation – the spinning of a body on its axis (Earth’s axis is 23.5°) Revolution – the motion of one body orbiting around another (Earth revolves around the Sun).

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The Earth-Moon-Sun System

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  1. The Earth-Moon-Sun System Chapter 22.2

  2. Motions of Earth • The main two motions of Earth are rotation and revolution • Rotation – the spinning of a body on its axis (Earth’s axis is 23.5°) • Revolution – the motion of one body orbiting around another (Earth revolves around the Sun)

  3. Motions of Earth • Earth has other minor motions • Precession – change in direction of the axis, without changing the tilt • Nutation – wobbling around the precessional axis • Barycenter – the point between two objects that balance each other

  4. Precession Nutation Rotation

  5. Precession

  6. Barycenter

  7. Motions of Earth • Perihelion is the time in January when Earth is closest to the sun • Aphelionis the time in July when Earth is farthest from the sun

  8. Motions of the Earth-Moon System • Perigee is the point at which the moon is closest to Earth • Apogee is the point at which the moon is farthest from Earth

  9. Motions of the Earth-Moon System • The phases of the moon are the progression of changes in the moon’s appearance during the month • Lunar phases are a result of the motion of the moon and the sunlight that is reflected from its surface • The moon gets bright from the right • Waxing means getting bright • Waning means getting dim

  10. Phases of the Moon

  11. Lunar Motion • The moon’s period of rotation about its axis and its revolution around Earth are the same, 27 1/3 days • It causes the same lunar hemisphere to always face Earth

  12. Eclipses • Solar eclipses occur when the moon moves in a line directly between Earth and the sun, casting a shadow on Earth • Lunar eclipses occur when the moon passes through Earth’s shadow • During a new-moon or full-moon phase, the moon’s orbit must cross the plane of the ecliptic for an eclipse to take place

  13. Solar Eclipse

  14. Lunar Eclipse

  15. Lunar History • The most widely accepted model for the origin of the moon is that when the solar system was forming, a body the size of Mars impacted Earth. The resulting debris was ejected into space, began orbiting around Earth, and eventually united to form the moon.

  16. Formation of Earth’s Moon

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