What is Leadership?

1. What is Leadership? Leadership is the process of influencing people and providing an environment for them to achieve team or organizational objectives. Courtesy of Suncor Energy Inc.

2. What is your leadership potential • Leadership readiness score: add 1-5 • Leadership style: Task emphasis 7+9; relationship emphasis: 6 +8 • Strength of preference • Leadership style adaptability: Item 10

3. Leaders and Managers: Distinguishing Their Roles Establish organizational mission Leader’s Job Formulate Strategy for implementing mission Implement organizational strategy Manager’s Job

4. Perspectives of Leadership Competency Perspective Leadership Perspectives Behaviour Perspective Romance Perspective Transformational Perspective Contingency Perspective

5. Behavioural PerspectiveSeven Leadership Competencies 1. Drive 2. Leadership motivation 3. Integrity 4. Self-confidence 5. Intelligence 6. Knowledge of the business 7. Emotional intelligence

6. Leader Behaviour Perspective • People-oriented behaviours • Showing mutual trust and respect • Concern for employee needs • Desire to look out for employee welfare • Task-oriented behaviours • Assign specific tasks • Ensure employees follow rules • Push employees to reach peak performance

7. Path-Goal Leadership Styles • Directive • Task-oriented behaviours • Supportive • People-oriented behaviours • Participative • Encouraging employee involvement • Achievement-oriented • Using goal setting and positive self-fulfilling prophecy

8. Leader Effectiveness • Motivated employees • Satisfied employees • Leader acceptance Leader Behaviours • Directive • Supportive • Participative • Achievement-oriented Path-Goal Leadership Model Employee Contingencies Environmental Contingencies

9. Skill/Experiencelow low high high Locus of Controlexternal external internal internal Employee Contingencies Directive Supportive Participative Achievement Directive Supportive Participative Achievement Environmental Contingencies Path-Goal Contingencies Task Structure nonroutine routine nonroutine ? Team Dynamics–ve norms low cohesion +ve norms ?

10. Leadership Substitutes Conditions that limit a leader’s influence or make a particular leadership style unnecessary. Examples: • Training and experience replace directive leadership • Cohesive team replaces supportive leadership • Self-leadership replaces achievement-oriented leadership

11. Transformational v. Transactional Leaders Transformational leaders • Leading — changing the organization to fit the environment • Develop, communicate, enact a vision Transactional leaders • Managing — linking job performance to rewards • Ensure employees have necessary resources • Apply contingency leadership theories

12. Transformational Leadership Elements Building Commitment Creating a Vision Transformational Leadership Modelling the Vision Communicating the Vision

13. Romance Perspective of Leadership AttributingLeadership Romance Perspectiveof Leadership Stereotyping Leadership Need for Situational Control

14. Gender Issues in Leadership • Male and female leaders have similar task- and people-oriented leadership. • Participative leadership is used more often by female leaders. • Women rated less favourably than equivalent male leaders due to stereotyping.