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Learning. Advanced Biology Winter 2013. Black History Assembly Free-Write. INNATE = Born with LEARNED = Gained throughout life. Black History Assembly Free-Write. INNATE = Born with LEARNED = Gained throughout life Is discrimination an innate or learned behavior?

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  1. Learning Advanced Biology Winter 2013

  2. Black History Assembly Free-Write INNATE = Born with LEARNED = Gained throughout life

  3. Black History Assembly Free-Write INNATE = Born with LEARNED = Gained throughout life Is discrimination an innate or learned behavior? Is the ability to break barriers innate or learned?

  4. How do we learn? Take a few minutes to write down the ways animals could learn behaviors. How did they learn these behaviors? What causes a learned behavior? Can you have a behavior that isn’t learned?

  5. Types of Behaviors INNATE vs. LEARNED

  6. INNATE vs. LEARNED • Rhythmic • Communication • Reproductive • Competitive • Dominance • Territoriality • Social Interaction • Conditioning • Classical • Operant • Habituation • Imprinting • Observational

  7. Innate Behavior Sometimes called “inborn” behaviors.

  8. Innate Behavior Sometimes called “inborn” behaviors. When the behavior is the same for all members of a species.

  9. Innate Behavior Sometimes called “inborn” behaviors. When the behavior is the same for all members of a species. Genetically controlled.

  10. Innate Behavior Sometimes called “inborn” behaviors. When the behavior is the same for all members of a species. Genetically controlled. What would some innate behaviors be?

  11. Learned Behaviors Behaviors that develop or change as we experience events.

  12. Learned Behaviors Behaviors that develop or change as we experience events. Changed behavior = learning.

  13. Learned Behaviors Behaviors that develop or change as we experience events. Changed behavior = learning. Learning enables an animal to adapt to change.

  14. Rhythmic Behaviors • Repeated behaviors at regular intervals • This may be different for different species. • These may have adapted to obtain resources and avoid competition. • Regulated internally and externally: • Internal - biological clock • External – light

  15. Examples of Rhythmic Behaviors • Migration in many animal species. • Birds, fish, eels, insects, mammals

  16. Examples of Rhythmic Behaviors • Migration in many animal species. • Birds, fish, eels, insects, mammals • Migration = movement of large numbers of animals over long distances from one area to another with a return home. • Usually the same route.

  17. Examples of Rhythmic Behaviors • Migration in many animal species. • Birds, fish, eels, insects, mammals • Migration = movement of large numbers of animals over long distances from one area to another with a return home. • Usually the same route. • Why migrate?

  18. Examples of Rhythmic Behaviors • Migration in many animal species. • Birds, fish, eels, insects, mammals • Migration = movement of large numbers of animals over long distances from one area to another with a return home. • Usually the same route. • Why migrate?

  19. Arctic Tern Migration Map

  20. Examples of Rhythmic Behaviors • Hibernation in many species • Bears, rodents, fish, birds

  21. Examples of Rhythmic Behaviors • Hibernation in many species • Bears, rodents, fish, birds • Hibernation = a state of inactivity and metabolic depression. Usually shown by low body temperature, slowed breathing and heart rate, and low metabolic rate.

  22. Examples of Rhythmic Behaviors • Hibernation in many species • Bears, rodents, fish, birds • Hibernation = a state of inactivity and metabolic depression. Usually shown by low body temperature, slowed breathing and heart rate, and low metabolic rate. • Can be due to lack of resources, time, or temperature and can last days, weeks or even months.

  23. Communication Behaviors • An innate behavior that is a response to a stimulus. • Can be through any sense: • Touch • Posture / display • Sound • Chemical signals (taste and smell).

  24. How Communication Happens • A setting for the communication Where is this taking place?

  25. How Communication Happens • A setting for the communication Where is this taking place? • A sender Who’s sending the message?

  26. How Communication Happens • A setting for the communication Where is this taking place? • A sender Who’s sending the message? • A receiver Who’s receiving the message?

  27. How Communication Happens • A setting for the communication Where is this taking place? • A sender Who’s sending the message? • A receiver Who’s receiving the message? • Type of signal What is the purpose for the communication?

  28. How Communication Happens • A setting for the communication Where is this taking place? • A sender Who’s sending the message? • A receiver Who’s receiving the message? • Type of signal What is the purpose for the communication? • How the signal is sent (visual, auditory) What senses does the signal use?

  29. How Communication Happens • A setting for the communication Where is this taking place? • A sender Who’s sending the message? • A receiver Who’s receiving the message? • Type of signal What is the purpose for the communication? • How the signal is sent (visual, auditory) What senses does the signal use? • A behavior of the receiver What was the outcome?

  30. Types of Communication Touch:

  31. Types of Communication Touch: Physical Aggression

  32. Types of Communication Touch: Billing in Birds

  33. Types of Communication • Touch: Pysiological Needs (EATING) • Red Spot on Glaucus Wing Gulls

  34. Types of Communication Posture and Display: Dominance and Territoriality Courtship Rituals

  35. Dominance Displays • Some animals create social hierarchies: • Caste: Each caste has a different structure and different, specialized job in the group. • Bees, termites, ants, etc. • Queen – Workers - Warriors

  36. Dominance Displays Pecking Orders: There is one dominant individual and it fights to keep other individuals in their ‘place’

  37. Dominance Displays Pecking Orders: There is one dominant individual and it fights to keep other individuals in their ‘place’ • Higher in the pecking order = more food and resources • Stronger individuals will more likely add to the next generation (higher fitness)

  38. Courtship Rituals Sexual Dimorphism: the two sexes in a species look physically different.

  39. Courtship Rituals Sexual Dimorphism: the two sexes in a species look physically different. Di- = two

  40. Courtship Rituals Sexual Dimorphism: the two sexes in a species look physically different. Morphology = the size, shape, or structure of an organism or part.

  41. Courtship Rituals For some animals to mate, they must do an intricate and specified dance between the two sexes. Spider Courtship Dance

  42. SOUND • Birds use many different sounds to communicate different feelings / actions. • Can be: • Territorial • Mating • Family • Singing

  43. SOUND • Marine mammals use sound to communicate as well as “see”.

  44. SOUND • Marine mammals use sound to communicate as well as “see”. • Echolocation: the use of sound waves to determine distance.

  45. Chemical Cues • In a sense, animals can use taste and smell through chemical cues to communicate. • Dogs sniffing around… • Ants following each other.

  46. Circle of Death (not the Xbox) Ant’s will follow each other using pheromones (chemicals secreted by the body), sometimes to their own death.

  47. What type of communication? AWESOME VIDEO OF BIRDS! Birds of Paradise Displays:

  48. Conditioning Talk with your neighbor about what conditioning might be and what types of conditioning you see. This can be for humans, insects, mammals, fish, etc.

  49. Learned Behaviors Behaviors that develop or change as we experience events. Changed behavior = learning. Learning enables an animal to adapt to change.

  50. Types of Conditioning • Conditioning: getting a desired response or behavior. • TWO MAIN TYPES: • CLASSICAL • OPERANT

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