Sustainable development and human security in relation to ASM CASM-ASIA

1. Sustainable development and human security in relation to ASM CASM-ASIA Facilitators Ch Usman Ali (Global Assets Management & Associates) Seiji Suzuki (Shizuoka University) The 8th Annual CASM Conference Brasilia, Brazil October 6, 2008

2. Sustainable development and human securityin relation to ASM CASM-ASIA Mediating Conflicts Through Dialogues- Another Means of Integrating Differences - Seiji Suzuki, Shizuoka University, Japan Toshiko Kikkawa, Keio University, Japan CTE CENTRO DE TREINAMENTO EDUCACIONAL DE CNTI BRAZILIA, BRAZIL Oct. 6, 2008

3. Tables: 1) What is CROSSROAD? 2) EXAMPLES AND PRACTICE 3) MAKING YOUR OWN…… CROSSROADis registered trademark in Japan

4. What is CROSSROAD? Background from the study of the aftermath experiences of the earthquakes, Researchers found even in the case of crisis People were likely to make decisions through TRADE OFF not ‘if you choose this, you abandon that’ But not always; EITHER OR NOT Rather ; in-between

5. Trade-Off decision makings People deal with the situations of Conflicts (Psychological, sociological sense) double-bind IMPORTANT POINT: NEVER NEGATE ANY FACTOR

6. Example: The government has made a decision to ban the usage of mercury in small scale mining and enforced the law related to this decision. Do you think Is this practical when socio-economic situations of the SSMwers are taken into consideration? Do they stop using mercury simply due to the introduction of the law?

7. CROSSROAD is expected to produce some kind of agreements among those concerned with conflicting interests over the issues common to them.

8. EXAMPLES(2 slides) YOU ARE: City officer in charge of temporary housing for the disaster victims (TSUNAMI or Earthquake)

9. Situations A month has passed since the disaster happened. You have been procuring sites for the temporary housing for the people who had lost their houses. An additional hundreds houses are yet to be built but not much sites available. Do you utilize schoolyards as housing sites? YES NO

10. Explanation and Analysis Double-binding situation: Need for housing sites for disaster victims × Building houses in schoolyards

11. What is BAD when answer YES ･ Disturbance to school education/ obstacle to recovery of school activities ･ Safety of school children ･ Security in general

12. What is BAD when answer NO ･ Delay of the recovery ･ Few disputes after the recovery( school could be a justification to get rid of temporary housings after use) ･ Destruction of pld cpmmunities (because local people around the school are forced to scatter for their housings) ･ Scarcity of housing sites

13. In the case of the Japanese respondents Respondents are city officers YES: NO: 55.6 % 44.4 % sources: Yamori and Kikkawa forthcoming

14. In the case of the people in the street YES: NO: 72.9 % 27.1 % source: Yamori and Kikkawa forthcoming

15. Example 2 You are: City Officer in charge of relief goods Situation; There is a huge surplus of secondhand clothes sent by the good will all over the country. It cost the city council a fortune to keep them in the storage. DO YOU BURN THEM? YES NO

16. Explanation and Analysis Double-binding situation: Good will of secondhand clothes × Cost of storage

17. What is BAD when YES answer ･ Additional task (to burn them) ･ Smoke may be another ecological hazard ･ Disappointment to the donors’ goodwill ･ May be needed in the future

18. What is Bad when NO answer ･ Additional personnel staff and financial burden for the store house ･　Store houses may be used for another purpose ･　Not many want secondhand clothes.

19. Do you burn them? YES: NO: 20.1 % 79.9 %

20. Let’s practice

21. City Employee taking care of the evacuation centre At midnight after the 1st day of the earthquake, trucks full of relief supplies arrive. Your boss told you to unload them while you are too busy coordinating among the earthquake refugees at the centre. DO YOU OBEY THE ORDER BY YOUR BOSS? YES NO from this page to page, quoted from Kikkawa and others

22. What is Bad ? What is Bad? YES NO

23. Do you unload the goods as told? YES: NO: 36.6% 62.4%

24. City employee in charge of food distribution for earthquake refugees temporarily staying in the centre There are approximately 3000 victims currently staying in the centre as a whole. You now have 2000 meals available. There is little chance of obtaining additional meals for a while. DO YOU HAND OUT 2000 MEALS NOW? YES NO

25. What is Bad ? What is Bad? YES NO

26. Do you distribute the food? YES: NO: 67.1% 32.8%

27. City employee taking care of the evacuation centre Your boss told you to go and buy food for 5 colleagues who have been working all night after the earthquake. Fortunately at the nearby shop, you found ten lunch boxes, and could buy what you wanted. But you found 8 people behind you, also trying to buy food for themselves. DO YOU BUY WHAT AND AS MANY AS YOU WERE TOLD TO BUY BY YOUR BOSS? YES NO

28. What is Bad ? What is Bad? YES NO

29. Do you buy what you were told to buy? YES: NO: 52.4% 47.6%

30. Your house was built 40 years ago. An expert diagnosed that your house is in danger of complete collapse in the next earthquake.It costs R$ 500,000 to retrofit. You can not afford it without a loan. Do you decide to retrofit? Yes No

31. What is Bad ? Mortgage No earthquake to come (unnecessary expenditure) What is Bad? Loss of the house in the earthquake YES NO

32. A family was injured by their collapsed house. After evaluation, the child was found to be in a critical condition. The parents have possibly critical injuries. Do you transport the parents first? YES NO

33. What is Bad ? What is Bad? YES NO

34. Let’s try to construct your own Crossroad question Hint 1 decide who you are decision-maker Hint 2 explain the situation breifly. Hint 3 construct a question Answer is Yes/ No

36. As an government officer, you warned that they should not use mercury for gold production. Because mercury kill people and environment. Then small-scale miners replied to you that they knew mercury is bad. And if they stop using it, they have to kill their children because they do not get money, otherwise. Do you force them to stop using mercury? Yes No

37. Johari’s Window quoted from Kikkawa 2005 You know I know

38. modified by Kikkawa( 2005) To the locals TO The Specialists Administra-tors Areas in blue to be made known by bilateral communications between two parties

39. Image of the risk communication for constructing CROSSROAD NOTES Assessing the risk based on the scientific and engineering knowledge Knowledge/ situations particular to the locals Social scientists The local people Information to be shared by those concerned Scientists/Engineers =experts NGOs ccop International Organizations WORLD BANK/CASM GOVERNMENT

40. For the sustainable activities of SSM Risk communication is more desirable either for those engaged in it or for the maintenance of the environment they live on. But this communication is: not simply a one-way message that delivers the results of risk assessments by experts ( ex. scientists, government officials or biz pros. who have detailed info about risk) to the public. Rather, the experts convey their assessments to the interested parties, who in turn, respond to the experts with their concerns, opinions or reactions to such assessments. Kikkawa 2002

41. Thank you for your attention. Suzuki Kikkawa