1390 ±190 GTC

1. ATMOSPHERE INFO CO CH4 745 ± 5 GTC PLANT RESPIRATION CO2 60 GTC NET DESTRUCTION 1.5 GTC GASEOUS EXCHANGE 2GTC CH4 PHTOSYNTHESIS 120 GTC AEROBIC 60 GTC ANAEROBIC OCEAN SURFACE 960± 60 GTC INTERMEDIATE & DEEP OCEAN 36000 ± 2000 GTC SEDIMENT 150 GTC MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION C6H12O6 FOSSIL FUEL BURNING VEGETATION 6 GTC C6H12O6 580 ± 30 GTC KEY: SOIL & DETRITUS : C SINK FOSSIL FUEL : PROMINENT FORM OF C 1390 ±190 GTC : PROCESSES 4000 GTC Prajakta Ghatpande

2. OCEAN BIOLOGICAL PUMP OF CARBON PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISMS ORGANIC MATTER SINKING PARTICLE 50 m MIXED LAYER 960 ± 60 GTC PHYTOPLANKTON REMINERALIZATION BIOLOGICAL UPWELLING OF DEEP WATER CO2 & NUTRIENTS MIDOCEANIC THERMOCLINE PUMP MARINE BIOTA 36000 ± 2000 GTC 3 GTC ORGANIC MATTER CO2 + H2O  H2CO3 H2CO3 + CO 3 2- 2HCO 3 2- CO 2 + B (OH4 ) - HCO 3 -+ B (OH)3 (CaCO3 )S Ca 2+ + CO32- DEEP SEA SEDIMENT 150 GTC CALCIUM CARBOANTE 0.15GTC LIMESTONE DOLOMITE 150 GTC

3. Points to Ponder: 3GT/year increase in atmospheric C or 1.5 ppm/year. GWP(global warming potential) of CO2 = 1 A new global C cycle model with a realisticCO2 e-fold lifetime of 55 yr.(half life 38 yr.) reveals that the temp. will increase by~ 0.30 Cby 2100. Atmosphere has small C pool size but; large flux rates to other compartments. Geritol Fix: Artificial increase in the CO2 absorption by fertilizing Key ocean regions. A few scientists have theorized that insufficient Fe is the only possible reason for low biological activity in southern ocean. Therefore, fertilizing it with Fe would boost population & henceforth the CO2 absorption. Can GLOBAL GREENING be a solution for GLOBAL WARMING?

4. NUTRIENT INFORMATION FORM TAKEN UP BY PLANTS ROLE IN MICROBIAL GROWTH MOBILITY IN SOIL CONCENTRATION IN PLANTS MOBILITY IN PLANTS EFFECT OF pH ON AVAILABILITY DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER NUTRIENTS TOXICITY SYMPTOMS FERTILIZER SOURCES ROLE IN PLANT GROWTH REFERENCES

5. CO2 . Plants prefer C12 over C13 Elevated levels of CO2 in the atmosphere benefit some plants by making them more tolerant to cold temperature.

6. CO2 mobile in soil pore space. HCO 3 - mobile in soil solution.

7. None.

8. No deficiency symptoms. In case of low carbon content of the soil, excess N is absorbed by plants as nitrate which will result in slow and stunted growth.

9. No carbon toxicity. But; often increased carbon content in soil increases C: N ratio, thereby allowing the micro organisms to utilize the available N for break down of carbonaceous material, before plants can use that N, thus inducing a N deficiency in plants.

10. Macroelement required by plants, constitutes about 40-45% of dry weight of plant matter. Basic energy source and building block for plant tissues. Converted through photosynthesis into simple sugars. Used by plants in building starches, carbohydrates, cellulose, lignin, and protein.

11. Main food of microbial population, Utilization by microbes is closely related to C:N ratio.

12. The rate of CO2 saturation concentration for leaf photosynthesis ranges between 400-800 microliters CO2 per liter of air.

13. None.

14. 10:1 C: N ratio needed for stable organic matter. High C:N ratios lead to nitrogen immobilization. Low C:N ratios lead to N mineralization. N rates in excess of those required for maximum yield can lead to increased soil organic C.

15. Crop residues, green manures and animal wastes can be significant sources of soil organic carbon.

16. Organic Carbon + O2  CO2 + H2O + Energy enzymes

17. Chloroplast CO2 + H2O + Energy (Light)  Organic Carbon + O2

18. References: Carbon dioxide and environmental stress by Yiqi Luo & Harold A. Mooney. The global carbon cycle by B. Blin, E. T. Degens, S. Kempe, P. Kenter Carbon Cycle modeling by Bert Bolin Carbon sequestration in the biosphere by M. A. Baren Botany, A functional approach, 4th edition by Walter H. Muller. Carbon Cycle 1998.