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Civil War

Civil War. Causes. LEARNING OBJECTIVE:. SS.912.A.2.1: Review causes and consequences of the Civil War. Civil War: Key Causes. Main Idea: Disagreements over slavery grew to tensions between the North and South and led to the South leaving the Union.

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Civil War

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  1. Civil War Causes

  2. LEARNING OBJECTIVE: SS.912.A.2.1: Review causes and consequences of the Civil War

  3. Civil War: Key Causes Main Idea: Disagreements over slavery grew to tensions betweenthe North and South and led to the South leaving the Union.

  4. Source http://diazsocialstudies.org/ahistory_units_1.htm#UNIT8.1

  5. North compared to the South

  6. North Regional Differences Industrial North: • The North had a variety of different industries; making a varietyof products. • Began the market "Industrial Revolution”- where peoplebegan to buy and sell goods rather than make them themselves. • North became less dependent on slavery and slave labor. More people in the North began to be against slavery.

  7. South Regional Differences Plantation and Cotton South: • The Founding Fathers thought that slavery would end on its own. • However, as a result of the invention of the Cotton Gin, slavery was needed as well as new lands to produce cotton. • Cotton was worth a lot of money and made plantation owners veryrich. • The cost of slaves also rose, making it highly unlikely that plantation owners would free slaves.

  8. Kansas Nebraska Act • Congress said that the voters could decide if they wanted to be a free or slave state. • Both the North and South took sides on this • The North said there should not be a choice it should be a free state

  9. State Rights Federalism: Division of power between the Central (Federal) Government (Washington DC) and the State government. • North tended to support the Federal Government • South tended to support the State Government

  10. State’s Rights 10th Amendment: Bill of Rights All powers not given to the federal government can be given to the state government • This makes certain issues unclear such as slavery

  11. Tariffs: The North supported protective tariffs so that the various goods they made would be protected from competition from foreign nations. Tariffs were used for internal improvements such as canals and railroads. The canals and railroad mostly benefited the North- most canals and railroad were built in the North. This made the cost of goods high for people in the South. The people in the south tended to pay the majority of the tariffs.

  12. Slavery The Compromise of 1850 • Allowed California to be a free state, but included the Fugitive Slave Act • Fugitive Slave Act required Northerners to return fugitive or escaped slaves • It also required "popular sovereignty" in New Mexico/Utah territories where citizens had the right to vote or choose to have slavery in their territory • This angered the North

  13. Slavery Underground Railroad • asecret network of volunteers who hid "fugitive“ slaves on their dangerous journey north to freedom, many times to Canada. Source http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/minipage/id/4283/rec/8

  14. Harriet Beecher Stowe Full article at http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/minipage/id/4283/rec/8

  15. Uncle Tom's Cabin • A book by Harriet Beecher Stowe • showed the horrors of slavery and the Fugitive Slave Act • It helped many people in the North see the fight to ban slavery as a moral struggle • The South saw the book as an attack on their way of life

  16. Conflicts to the Expansion of Slavery Nebraska/Kansas Act: • Stated that these territories had the right to determine slavery- popular sovereignty • Violence erupted between pro-slavery citizens and abolitionists - "Bleeding Kansas" • Violence in the Senate • Slavery debate was so heated that a Congressmen (pro-slavery) severely beat a Senator (abolitionist) with a cane, causing severe brain damage to the Senator.

  17. Expansion of Slavery Dred Scott Case: Supreme Court • Stated that Scott can't sue in Court because he is not and will never be a citizen. • Just being in a free territory does not make a slave free • Slaves were "property" protected by the Constitution • South felt this allows slavery to be extended into all territories

  18. Expansion of Slavery John Brown and Harper's Ferry: • Upset by this decision, abolitionist John Brown tried to start a slave rebellion in Harper's Ferry • He was later hanged, but became to "hero" to the North • This made the South very angry

  19. Election of Abraham Lincoln • Lincoln started out with the Free-Soil Party. • They were against the expansion of slavery into the territories. • Lincoln was not abolitionist, but feared slavery would compete with the wage labor market system of the North and favored protective tariffs. • Abraham Lincoln drew attention with attacks on slavery as a moral evil. • In 1860, Lincoln won the presidential election with no support from the South. • Fearing abolition and no expansion of slavery, 7 Southern states seceded (left) the Union and formed the Confederate States of America.

  20. The Civil War Begins at Ft. Sumter • South Carolina had seceded from the Union • Union soldiers were in Fort Sumter located in Charleston, SC • The newly formed Confederate Army surrounded and attacked the Fort • After this battle many states picked sides and joined in the war

  21. CIVIL WAR Effects and Consequences

  22. Main Idea When the Southern states seceded from theUnion. A war began between the North and South. Eventually the Union wore down the Confederacy and won the war after 4 long, bloody years.

  23. Source http://diazsocialstudies.org/ahistory_units_1.htm#UNIT8.1

  24. Source: http://cdn.tristro.net/catalog/949/full/mcp091-1.jpg

  25. South • Could produce their own food • Were depending on trade with England for their cotton and tobacco • Knew the land where they were fighting • 7/8 military colleges were in the South so they had superior military training • Believed they had fortitude and would out last the North North versus South • North • The North controlled the Navy and seas, they set up a blockade to prevent the south from receiving supplies • Population, weapons, railroads were greater in the North Confederate Generals The Anaconda Plan

  26. The Civil War Northern Advantages: More people, more factories, greater food production, better transportation (canals, steamboats, railroads). Southern Advantages: Demand for cotton Excellent generals Soldiers to defend their way of life.

  27. Civil War The Union Plan: Navy blockade of Southern ports so they cannot sell cotton to get goods they need to survive Union boats and armies move down the Mississippi River to split Confederacy Union armies capture Confederate capital- Richmond • Confederacy Plan: • Defend themselves • Outlast the North • Attack North if possible

  28. Causes of the Civil War Economic Differences North Manufacturing & factory system Used of immigrants for labor in new factories Pro-Clay’s “American System” -National Banking -Internal improvements -tariffs South “King Cotton” Plantation system Slave labor Agricultural Anti-Clay’s “American System”

  29. Causes of the Civil War Political Roots States’ Rights Wilmot Proviso (no slavery in Mexican territory) Compromise of 1850 California added as free state & other territory popular sovereignty & fugitive slave laws Kansas-Nebraska Act Popular vote in territory on slave issue “Bleeding Kansas” Caning of Senator Sumner Dred Scott v. Sanford Republican Party & Election of 1860

  30. Causes of the Civil War Social Factors Abolition Movement: Frederick Douglass & Up from Slavery William Lloyd Garrison & The Liberator Sojourner Truth Rebellions: Nat Turner: slave rebellion John Brown’s Raid Women’s Rights Movement Seneca Falls Conference (Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton) Declaration of Sentiment of Rights

  31. Effects of the Civil War Economic Changes Republicans in Congress passed ambitious economic programs: National banking system Morrill Tariff Act: raise revenue & protect American businesses Homestead Act: promoted settlement in Great Plains by offering 160 acres if individual or family farmed it for 5 years Morrill Land Grant: encouraged states to use sale of federal lands to maintain ag & tech colleges Pacific Railway Act: transcontinental RR

  32. Effects of the Civil War Political Changes Draft: started w/ volunteer force, later conscription of those 20-45 years old; find suitable substitute or pay $300 fee Long-term effects: balance of power shifted between the North and South After the Civil War, the federal government was supreme over individual states. Abolition of slavery gave new legitimacy to the concept of American democracy

  33. Effects of the Civil War Social Changes Women: Filled in for men who were off fighting (fields, factories, offices, stores, gov) in North & South Served as military nurses Field of nursing opened to women Opened the door for equal voting rights Biggest group impacted: former slaves (3.5 in South, 500K in border states) 13th Amendment banned slavery Tragic human loss as result of war: 620K men died $15 billion in war costs & damaged property Destroyed slavery and southern economy Catalyst for transformation to modern industrial society

  34. Battle of Gettysburg This was a turning point of the Civil War Lee was defeated in is 2nd attempt to win in the North Largest number of casualties

  35. Emancipation Proclamation: Issued in 1863 The Emancipation Proclamation freed the slaves in the Confederate states This gave the war a high moral purpose

  36. War Draft or Conscription: High numbers of deaths forced both sides to draft soldiers/forced men to serve in the army. This led to draft riots, especially NYC. North allowed African Americans to serve in the army but faced discrimination.

  37. Life During Wartime: Poor conditions and better weapons led to more deaths than expected There were many injured and needed care Volunteer nurses came to help Clara Barton and The Red Cross came to be

  38. Life During Wartime: Cost of war was high. The North decided to collect the nation's first income tax. This taxes the income a person makes.

  39. Gettysburg Address When Abraham Lincoln gave this speech it was what the North needed to keep fighting for a united country and the end of slavery The most famous part:"government of the people, by the people, and for the people"

  40. Appomattox Courthouse On April 9, 1865 the war ended with Lee surrendering to Grant

  41. Overall Effects of the Civil War: Eventually, the Union wears down the South as a result of their more resources Over 620,000 people died on both sides and is the bloodiest war in American History; even today Increased federal government power with military drafts and income tax Northern economy boomed as a result of war Southern economy collapsed- no more slavery and farm lands were in ruin

  42. A New Amendment At the end of the war, the 13th amendment is passed to the Constitution It abolished slavery everywhere in the United States The way of live in the South became uncertain, leading to how best to "Reconstruct" the South

  43. Additional Resources http://www.cpalms.org/Public/PreviewResourceStudentTutorial/Preview/148828 an online tutorial for “What caused the Civil War” http://www.cpalms.org/Public/PreviewResourceStudentTutorial/Preview/149056 The Civil War’s Legacy, an online tutorial http://www.cpalms.org/Public/PreviewStandard/Preview/3339 Crash Course U.S. History: Civil War Part I and Part 2 are online tutorials http://www.cpalms.org/uploads/resources/final/57245/Document/20466/Grades_910_Gettysburg_Address_ATC.pdf walks the teacher through teaching about the Gettysburg Address http://www.cpalms.org/Public/PreviewResourceUrl/Preview/36369 sample lesson plan- Reading Like a Historian: Thomas Nast’s Political Cartoons http://www.biography.com/ video clips on key figures https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y78zn1A4484 Summary of the Civil War, 9 minute video http://www.ducksters.com/history/battle_of_fort_sumter.php short article on battle of Fort Sumter.

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