Do Now:

1. Do Now: • What do you think about yawning? • Is your nose itchy? • Come on…just a little bit itchy?

2. Personality Adjustment and ConflictThe Healthy PersonalitySelf Defense Mechanisms Who controls what happens in your life?

3. How strong is the power of suggestion? • Psychological issues can impact biology • Extreme examples: voo-doo, sudden death syndrome, etc. • Somatoform Disorders: condition in which psychological issues are expressed in bodily symptoms in the absence of any real physical problem. • Mild examples: man feels morning sickness due to wife’s pregnancy, etc.

4. Hey, we only have a week to go! Yes, but mine’s going to be gone after that.

5. What are Conversion Disorders? • Serious psychological trauma that converts itself into a real dysfunction. • Severe examples: hysterical blindness, false pregnancy, hysterical paralysis. These physical symptoms DO exist, but are rare. • Hypochondrasis: more common conversion disorder. Over concern about health. Can begin from childhood when great attention was paid to them when they were sick, and not under healthy conditions • Munchausen’s By Proxy: attempting to get attention by making your own child sick.

6. Defense Mechanisms • Defense mechanisms help us cope with unbearable thoughts, feelings and wishes. • The idea of this comes from Freud

7. Why do we use defense mechanisms? • How do we keep our personalities from getting beat up while we are building them? • Defense Mechanisms do for anxiety, what endorphins do for physical pain – reduce impact • They can be helpful – lead our lives in difficult times • They can be dangerous – distort reality, keep us from taking action in bad situations

8. What is repression, suppression and denial? • Repression: first line of defense • Pushing out of bad memories without acknowledging them – they can be forgotten for years. • Often found in child abuse victims • Suppression: pushing bad memories away while being aware you are doing it. • Denial: Totally denying a problem exists – both repression and suppression are forms of denial

9. What is displacement? I hate this pie!!! • Venting our feelings on someone other than ourselves I can’t believe Bertha broke up with me. Separation of emotion from its real object and redirection of the intense emotion toward someone or something that is less offensive or threatening in order to avoid dealing directly with what is frightening or threatening

10. What is Reaction Formation? • Expressing the opposite of what we really feel • Sometimes someone with very vocal and strong opinions about a topic actually practices the opposite of what they preach.

11. What is reaction formation? You smell! You have cooties! The process of expressing the opposite of what we feel She’s really pretty, I wonder if she likes me? Wow, he’s talking to me!!

12. What is intellectualization? • The process of removing our feelings about an event and discussing it in a calm rational and unemotional way …and then it burned down, can you believe that? Yup, lost everything. Can I have more iced tea?

13. What is regression? • The process of going backwards in thoughts and behavior to a period when we were taken care of as children.

14. Amnesia and Dissociative Fugue • Amnesia: forgetting event due to psychological trauma • Retrograde and Anterograde: • Retrograde: Forgetting everything in the past • Anterograde:Forgetting new memories Dissociative Fugue: Flight from home – forget identity but NOT skills

15. What is projection? • The process of attributing our own thoughts to someone else. Everyone’s staring at me because they are jealous of my wonderful fashion sense!

16. What is sublimation • The process of channeling emotional energy into constructive or creative activities “Drive past any school playground and find the kid sitting by himself looking miserable…that’s your future successful writer” • Sublimation is probably the most useful and constructive of the defense mechanisms as it takes the energy of something that is potentially harmful and turns it to doing something good and useful.

17. What is rationalization? • The process of explaining a problem so as not to take any blame Victims of domestic violence are often told “You deserved it” or “I didn’t want to hit you, but you asked for it”. This is a form of rationalization. Victims also sometimes exhibit the defense mechanism “Identification with Aggressor”

18. Identification with aggressor Taking on characteristics of someone who • has mistreated us in order to psychologically avoid abuse. • Stockholm Syndrome: The behavior of kidnap victims who, over time, become sympathetic to their captors. The name derives from a 1973 hostage incident in Stockholm, Sweden. The behavior is considered a common survival strategy for victims of interpersonal abuse, and has been observed in battered spouses, abused children, prisoners of war, and concentration camp survivors

19. Summary • There is a strong connection between mind and body • Psychological defense mechanisms are used to protect us– • Using them in moderation helps to protect our sense of well-being to recover from: personality defects, mistakes, emotional pain or problems.

20. Reign Over Me Test Choose two (2) characters from Reign Over Me and discuss: • A defense mechanism they used and why? • A definition of the defense mechanism • Which of their defense mechanisms proved helpful at first? • Which was the most damaging? • If you could write a conclusion for the film; what would it be?