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Understanding the Kidney: Anatomy, Functions, and Regulation

Learn about the physiological anatomy of the kidney, different types of nephrons, regulatory functions, excretory functions, secretory/endocrine functions, and other crucial roles of the kidney in maintaining overall health. Discover the intricacies of the glomerular capillary membrane and its filtering mechanisms.

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Understanding the Kidney: Anatomy, Functions, and Regulation

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  1. KIDNEY

  2. PHYSIOLOGICAL ANATOMY

  3. TYPES OF NEPHRONS • Cortical nephrons • Juxtamedullary nephrons

  4. REGULATORY FUNCTIONS Regulation of water and electrolyte balances. Regulation of acid-base balance Regulation of arterial pressure Functions of kidney

  5. EXCRETORY FUNCTIONS Excretion of metabolic waste products Excretion of drugs, hormone metabolites Excretion of foreign chemicals --contd-- Functions of kidney

  6. SECRETORY/ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS Erythropoeitin Vitamin D-3 OTHER FUNCTIONS Gluconeogenesis Functions of kidney

  7. Glomerular capillary membrane

  8. Three layers 1. Endothelium (Fenestrations) 2. Basement Membrane (Basal Lamina) Negative Charge Mesangial Cells 3. Epithelium (Podocytes) Slit Pores Glomerular capillary membrane

  9. Size of Pores: Maximum 8 nm Albumin: 6 nm < 4 nm: free movement

  10. Determined by: 1. Size 2. Electrical Charge. Filterability of 1.0 0.75 Filterability of solutes

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