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Experimental Research

Social Research Methods MAN-10 Erlan Bakiev, Ph. D. Experimental Research. Types of Research Questions. Causal relationships Ethical and practical limitations Capable of manipulation conditions Narrow in scope Confounding variables Generally good for micro-level data Convention.

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Experimental Research

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  1. Social Research Methods MAN-10 Erlan Bakiev, Ph. D Experimental Research

  2. Types of Research Questions • Causal relationships • Ethical and practical limitations • Capable of manipulation conditions • Narrow in scope • Confounding variables • Generally good for micro-level data • Convention

  3. History of Experimental Design • Wilhelm M. Wundt (1832-1920) • Behaviorism • Quantification • Introduction of anonymity • Applied research

  4. Random Assignment

  5. Random Sampling

  6. How to Random Assign

  7. Matching vs. Random Assignment • Matching • Random Assignment

  8. Experimental Design LogicLanguage of Experiments • Subjects • Treatment • Pretest • Posttest • Experimental group • Control group

  9. Experimental Design LogicSteps in an Experiment • Hypothesis • Choose a design • Design experiment • How to introduce IV • How to measure DV • Locate subjects • Randomly assign subjects • Gather pretest data • Run experiment • Introduce treatment • Measure DV • Gather posttest data • Debrief • Analyze data

  10. Experimental Design LogicControl in Experiments • Controlling all aspects of the experiment • Deception • Confederate

  11. Classical Experimental Design

  12. Preexperimental Design

  13. Quasi-experimental Design • Two-Group Posttest-Only • Interrupted Time Series • Equivalent Time Series • Latin Square • Solomon Four-Group • Factorial

  14. Quasi-experimental Design

  15. Internal and External Validity

  16. Internal Validity • Threats to internal validity • Selection bias • History • Maturation • Testing • Instrumentation • Experimental mortality • Statistical regression

  17. Internal Validity • Threats to internal validity • Diffusion of treatment • Compensatory behavior • Experimenter expectancy • Double-blind/Single-blind • Demand characteristics • Placebo effect • Manipulation check

  18. External Validity • Population generalization • Naturalistic generalization • Mundane realism • Reactivity • Hawthorne effect • Theoretical generalization • Experimental realism

  19. External Validity

  20. Practical Considerations • Planning and pilot tests • Instructions to subjects • Postexperiment interview • Debrief

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