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1. Welcome to... The Show of the Century Sit back and enjoy... Learning About the Respiratory System of the Human Body McKinley 10th HPE

2. Human Respiratory System Diagram Title Page Nasal Passage Pharynx Trachea Bronchiole Bronchi Alveoli

3. Oxygen Cell Hi I am O2 ,you can call me oxygen, and I will be your guide today. I advise you keep all feet and hands inside the ride at all times.

4. Respiratory Intro You may be asking, what is the Respiratory system? Well, the Respiratory system is the system that helps you breath in and out, so oxygen (02) can be pumped through your body and carbon dioxide (CO2) can be removed from the blood stream. You must remember that the Respiratory system is made up of many different organs.

5. Where are we? Nasal Passage Tongue Pharynx Bronchi Tubes The Trachea is held open by partial rings of cartilage. Alveoli (air-sacs) Thin-walled blood vessels called capillaries Bronchioles pass air to and from your alveoli. Very thin cells line the alveoli so that O2 and CO2 can pass in and out of the blood. Here We Go!!! JH

6. Picture Intro Here is a overview picture of the Respiratory System. Just go to the next slide to see it.

7. Nasal Cavity Throat (pharynx) Nose Mouth Windpipe (Trachea) Bronchus Left lungs Bronchiole Ribs Alveolus Diaphragm Respiratory Overview Picture

8. Now we will begin our tour. Welcome to… Welcome The Respiratory System

9. This is where it all begins. This is where the oxygen first enters your body and also where Carbon Dioxide leaves. The Nose and Mouth

10. The Nose and Mouth When the air comes into your nose it gets filtered by tiny hairs and it is moistened by the mucus that is in your nose. Your sinuses also help out with your Respiratory System. They help to moisten and heat the air that you breath. Air can also get into your body through your mouth/oral cavity but air is not filtered as much when it enters in through your mouth.

11. Nose and Mouth Picture Nasal Cavity Nostril Oral Cavity Pharynx Here is a picture of your nasal and oral cavity.

12. Nasal Passage Tongue Pharynx Bronchi Tubes The Trachea is held open by partial rings of cartilage. Alveoli (air-sacs) Thin-walled blood vessels called capillaries Bronchioles pass air to and from your alveoli. Very thin cells line the alveoli so that O2 and CO2 can pass in and out of the blood. Where are We? We are here.

13. The Pharynx and Trachea Next we will head down to your pharynx (throat) and your trachea (windpipe). This is where the air passes from your nose to your bronchi tubes and lungs.

14. Mouth Pharynx (Throat) Trachea The Pharynx and Trachea Your pharynx (throat) gathers air after it passes through your nose and then the air is passed down to your trachea (windpipe). Your trachea is held open by “incomplete rings of cartilage.” Without these rings your trachea might close off and air would not be able to get to and from your lungs.

15. Nasal Passage Tongue Pharynx Bronchi Tubes The Trachea is held open by partial rings of cartilage. Alveoli (air-sacs) Thin-walled blood vessels called capillaries Bronchioles pass air to and from your alveoli. Very thin cells line the alveoli so that O2 and CO2 can pass in and out of the blood. Where are We? We are here.

16. The Bronchi Tubes and Bronchiole Intro Your trachea (windpipe) splits up into two bronchi tubes. These two tubes keep splitting up and form your bronchiole.

17. The Bronchi Tubes and Bronchiole These bronchi tubes split up, like tree branches, and get smaller and smaller inside your lungs. The air flows past your bronchi tubes and into your bronchiole. These tubes keep getting smaller and smaller until they finally end with small air sacs (called alveoli). But we will go there later…

18. Alveoli and Bronchi Picture Trachea Bronchi Tubes Bronchiole Alveoli

19. Nasal Passage Tongue Pharynx Bronchi Tubes The Trachea is held open by partial rings of cartilage. Alveoli (air-sacs) Thin-walled blood vessels called capillaries Bronchioles pass air to and from your alveoli. Very thin cells line the alveoli so that O2 and CO2 can pass in and out of the blood. Where are We? We are here.

20. The Alveoli and Capillary Network Now we will head over to the alveoli and what happens when the air finally makes it down there.

21. The Alveoli and Capillary Network Your alveoli are tiny air sacs that fill up with air/oxygen when you breath in. Your alveoli are surrounded by many tiny blood vessels called capillaries. The walls of your alveoli (and capillaries) are so thin that the oxygen or carbon dioxide can pass through them, traveling right into, or out of your blood stream.

22. Capillary Carbon Dioxide is dropped off Wall of the air sac Oxygen is picked up Red Blood Cell Alveoli Picture Here is a close up picture of your Alveoli and a Capillary surrounding it.

23. Nasal Passage Tongue Pharynx Bronchi Tubes The Trachea is held open by partial rings of cartilage. Alveoli (air-sacs) Thin-walled blood vessels called capillaries Bronchioles pass air to and from your alveoli. Very thin cells line the alveoli so that O2 and CO2 can pass in and out of the blood. Where are We? We are here.

24. Alveolus Bronchiole Respiratory Bronchiole Alveolar Duct Alveolar Sac Capillaries Alveolus

25. Looking at the Alveoli Lets take a closer look shall we.

26. Chemicals Red blood cell carrying Carbon dioxide Chemical change is taking place in cell Red blood cell carrying oxygen Alveolus Contiguous Basal Laminae (Membrane) Capillary

27. Diffusion Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Oxygen diffuses through the membrane into the blood stream. Carbon Dioxide diffuses through the membrane and enters the alveolus. Alveolus Contiguous Basal Laminae (Membrane*) Capillary * A specialized thin layer of skin that oxygen and carbon dioxide can pass through.

28. Cool pictures

29. Intro to Diaphragm Now we will look at the Diaphragm. You might be wondering, what does the Diaphragm do? The Diaphragm is an important factor in breathing.

30. Diagram of Diaphragm

31. CO2 Air Passing over the mucus membrane of the nasal cavity is moistened, warmed, and filtered Inside the lungs the Bronchi branch into small tubes called bronchioles The Pharynx, or throat, is located where passages from the nose and mouth came together. Respiratory Overview Review At the end of the bronchioles are bunches of alveoli, air sacs, arranged like grapes on a stem Air enters the trachea, or wind pipe which leads to and from the lungs If one lobe is injured or diseased, the other lobes may be able to function normally The trachea divides into two tubes called bronchi

32. Fun Facts * At rest, the body takes in and breathes out about 10 liters of air each minute. * The right lung is slightly larger than the left. * The highest recorded "sneeze speed" is 165 km per hour. * The surface area of the lungs is roughly the same size as a tennis court. * The capillaries in the lungs would extend 1,600 kilometers if placed end to end. * We lose half a liter of water a day through breathing. This is the water vapor we see when we breathe onto glass. * A person at rest usually breathes between 12 and 15 times a minute. * The breathing rate is faster in children and women than in men.

33. Key Words • Respiratory System- The group of organs in your body that are responsible for taking in Oxygen and breathing out the Carbon Dioxide which is the waste product of cellular respiration. • Oxygen-The gas that your body needs to work and function. • Carbon Dioxide- The waste product (gas) that is produced through respiration of people and animals. • Nose/Nasal Cavity- Where Oxygen first enters your body. Tiny hairs help filter the air and air is moistened and heated by your nose. Your Nose leads into your Nasal Cavity. • Mouth/Oral Cavity- Oxygen/air can also enter through your Mouth but it is not filtered. Your Mouth opens up into your Oral Cavity. • Sinus- A cavity in the bones of your skull that helps moisten and heat the air that you breath. • Pharynx/Throat- Gathers air from your Nasal and Oral Cavities and passes it to your Trachea. • Trachea/Windpipe- A tube like pathway that connects your throat to your Bronchi Tubes and lungs. Air passes through it when it travels from the Pharynx to the Bronchi Tubes.

34. Key Words Cont. • Bronchi Tubes- Each tube (one per lung) splits up into many smaller tubes called Bronchiole, like branches on a tree. • Bronchiole- Keep splitting up until they reach your Alveoli. • Respiratory Bronchiole- The air-tubes that are actually connected to the Alveoli. • Alveolar Duct- The final tube, which is part of the Alveoli, that leads to the air-sacs. • Alveolar Sac- Where the chemical change takes place and where blood cells pick up oxygen and drop off carbon dioxide. • Alveoli- Tiny air-sacs at the end of your Alveolar Duct. They fill up with Oxygen and are surrounded by Capillaries. • Capillaries- Tiny blood streams (around one cell wide) that surround your Alveoli. They take Oxygen out of our Lungs and replace it with Carbon Dioxide, which you later breath out. • Diaphragm- The muscle membrane that helps you breath in and out by changing the pressure in your chest cavity.

35. Works Cited For more information please visit: • http://yucky.kids.discovery.com/flash/body/pg000138.html -Why do you need to breathe? And basic info on parts of the Respiratory system • http://www.lung.ca/children/grades7_12/respiratory/index.html -Basic Anatomy of the Respiratory System • http://www.innerbody.com/anim/card.html