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Agenda 10/14

Agenda 10/14. Bellwork (back) Lab report- review format, time to type, get peer feedback, due Thursday Cell organelle flashcards- due Thursday. Agenda 10/15- CP Biology. Bellwork- MCAS questions New Information: Viruses, cell structure and function Activity: finish flashcards

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Agenda 10/14

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  1. Agenda 10/14 • Bellwork (back) • Lab report- review format, time to type, get peer feedback, due Thursday • Cell organelle flashcards- due Thursday

  2. Agenda 10/15- CP Biology • Bellwork- MCAS questions • New Information: Viruses, cell structure and function • Activity: finish flashcards • HW- finish lab report (and flashcards, if needed)

  3. Agenda 10/16- Honors Biology • Bellwork- MCAS questions • New Information: Viruses, cell structure and function • Activity: cell analogy worksheet (due Fri)

  4. Viruses • Generally not considered living things because they lack cell structure and cannot reproduce on their own. • Millions or more, very diverse

  5. Viruses • Protein shell, DNA or RNA, some have a lipid layer • Insert into cells, some enter lysogenic cycle (viral DNA inserts into cell’s DNA), then escape via lysis (bursting of the cell)

  6. Viral Infections Two rotaviruses: the one on the right is coated with antibodies that stop its attaching to cells and infecting them

  7. Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell

  8. Outline • Cell Theory • Prokaryotic Cells • Eukaryotic Cells • Organelles • Containing DNA • Endosymbiosis • Plant Cells • Animal Cells

  9. Cell Theory • All organisms are composed of one or more cells. • Cells are the smallest living units of all living organisms. • Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell. • Cells come from other cells.

  10. Characteristics of All Cells • Genetic material- DNA • Prokaryotes: circular; free-floating • Eukaryotes: linear; located in the nucleus • Cytoplasm fills cell interior (aka cytosol) • Cell membraneencloses the cell • Ribosomes- site of protein production • Cytoskeleton- support, transport, etc

  11. Simplest organisms, smaller in size Cytoplasm Cell Membrane DNA (circular) Ribosomes Cytoskeleton Cell Wall (peptidoglycan), some with capsules- protection NO NUCLEUS but have a nucleoid- part of cytoplasm where DNA is found and chemical reactions take place NO membrane-bound organelles All unicellular Prokaryotic Cells

  12. Prokaryotic Cells • Some use flagellum for locomotion (also present in some eukaryotes) • threadlike structures protruding from cell surface; function= movement

  13. Generalized Prokaryotic Cell(no nucleus; all bacteria are prokaryotes) Ribosome Cell Membrane Cell Wall Pilus Flagellum DNA (circular)

  14. Generalized Eukaryotic Cell- has a nucleus and organelles; includes all plant, animal, fungi, protozoa cells

  15. Eukaryotic Cells • Nucleus • Membrane-bound organelles • Linear DNA- in nucleus • Ribosomes • Cell Membrane • Cell Wall (in SOME, not all) • plants- cellulose, fungi- chitin • NOT IN ANIMAL CELLS! • Cytoskeleton

  16. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

  17. Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Smaller No nucleus- free-floating circular DNA Cell walls No membrane-bound organelles Ribosomes Cytoskeleton Larger Nucleus with linear DNA Cell walls in some (plants, fungi) Membrane-bound organelles Ribosomes Cytoskeleton

  18. Agenda 10/17- Honors Biology • Bellwork- finish page, turn in • Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote • Cell structure review (flashcards) • Cell lab • HW- finish lab; start coloring (due Tuesday)- colors are posted on website (cardozabio.weebly.com)

  19. 1. Cell Membrane (aka plasma membrane) • Made of lipids and proteins • Holds in the cytoplasm, helps maintain cell’s homeostasis • Controls what enters/leaves cell • Lipid bilayer

  20. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 2. Nucleus • Nickname: “The Control Center” • Function: holds the DNA, controls cell activities 3. Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus; makes ribosomal RNA • Nucleus bound by two phospholipidbilayer membranes • nuclear envelope- has nuclear pores to control what enters/leaves

  21. Nucleus

  22. Chromosomes DNA of eukaryotes is divided into linear chromosomes. exist as strands of chromatin, except during cell division

  23. 4. Cytoplasm (aka cytosol) • Clear jelly-like material between cell membrane and nucleus • Helps keep cell shape • Contains the organelles

  24. 5. Cytoskeleton Network of protein fibers supporting cell shape and anchoring organelles Actin filaments cell movement Microtubules Centrioles- organize cell division Intermediate filaments

  25. Cytoskeleton

  26. Animal Cell Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section:

  27. 6. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Network of canals running through cell: cellular highway- moves materials around cell • 2 Types: - Rough ER: • Rough appearance because it has ribosomes • Function: helps make proteins, that’s why it has ribosomes - Smooth ER: • NO ribosomes • Function: makes fats or lipids; detoxifying

  28. 7. Ribosomes • Function: make proteins • Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic • Ribosomes are composed of two subunits that join and attach to messenger RNA. • site of protein synthesis • assembled in nucleoli

  29. Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Go to Section:

  30. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 8. Golgi Complex • Nickname: “The shippers” • Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell • Appearance: stack of pancakes

  31. 9. Vacuoles • Liquid-filled membrane sacs, store food water, minerals • “warehouses” of the cell • Plants: one central one, helps maintain cell shape • Animals: a few, small ones

  32. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 10. Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes • Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” • Function: to break down food and waste and to destroy old organelles

  33. 11. Centrioles • Located near nucleus in pairs • Help organize cell division • In animal, not plant cells

  34. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 12. Mitochondria- has own DNA • Nickname: “The Powerhouse” • Function: Energy production (cellular respiration) • Breaks down food to make ATP • ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy

  35. 13. Cilia and Flagella • Function: movement • Cilia: short, hair-like projections; move with beating action • Flagella: longer, tail-like structure; move with whip-like action

  36. Animal Cell Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Mitochondria Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies

  37. Now let’s talk about structures found in PLANT Cells, but not animal cells!!

  38. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Plant Cell Section 7-2 Vacuole Go to Section:

  39. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Large Central Vacuole • Function: stores water and some nutrients • This is what makes lettuce crisp • When there is no water, the plant wilts • Found in some animal cells, but small

  40. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Plant Cell Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Go to Section:

  41. 14. Chloroplastsfound only in plants, some protists • Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell (photosynthesis) • A type of plastid (organelle that stores plant pigments)- Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment

  42. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Plant Cell Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Go to Section:

  43. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 15. Cell Wall • Function: provides support and protection to the cell membrane • Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells, fungi, some bacteria and protists

  44. Plant Cell

  45. Comparing Plant and Animal Cells Plant Animal

  46. 3 Domains, 6 Kingdoms of Life

  47. Classification of Life- 6 Kingdoms • Eubacteria: • Prokaryotic bacteria • Unicellular or colonial • Heterotroph or Photosynthetic • Ex. E. coli • Archaebacteria: • Prokaryotic bacteria, extreme environments • Unicellular or colonial • Chemosynthetic (autotrophs)

  48. Classification of Life- 6 Kingdoms 3. Protists: mixed bag • Unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes • No true tissues/organs • Some can photosynthesize, some are heterotrophs, some are both • Ex. algae, diatoms, seaweed

  49. Classification of Life- 6 Kingdoms 4. Fungi: • Unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes • Decomposers or parasites • Cell walls of chitin • Ex. yeast, mushrooms, molds

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