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Enzymes. What would happen if we did not have enzymes in the world?. 1. We could not break down food without them. Our muscles would not be able to start working or stop working. Our liver would not work. (These are all things that I want working in me at least)
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What would happen if we did not have enzymes in the world? 1. We could not break down food without them. Our muscles would not be able to start working or stop working. Our liver would not work. (These are all things that I want working in me at least) 2. Fungi would not be able to decompose materials, thus materials would not be able to be recycled through the ecosystem
What would happen if we did not have enzymes in the world? Cont’d 3. You would not be able to get energy from your food (well, I guess that would be a good weight loss program) 4. Plants would not be able to make their own food (well there goes the whole food chain)
What would happen if we did not have enzymes in the world? Cont’d 5. We would be without laundry detergent (I like clean clothes) 6. We would not be as protected from germs (Doctors and drug companies would love this)
What would happen if we did not have enzymes in the world? Cont’d 7. All of the genetic technology you hear about in the news would not be occurring 8. We would not have beer, wine, or any other alcoholic beverages; not to mention other food items such as cheese and bread.
What would happen if we did not have enzymes in the world? Cont’d 9. We wouldn’t have certain medicines and treatments. 10. You wouldn’t be able to make any new DNA or any new proteins in your body (Hmm, I think that would prevent us from performing any life functions)
Enzymes That are Our Friends • Catylase – Breaks H202 (hydrogen peroxide) apart • Amylase– breaks Sucrose in to glucose and sucrose • Acetocholinesterase – breaks down acetocholine so that your muscles stop contracting • Reverse Transcriptase – creates DNA from RNA • DNA Polymerase – makes new DNA for you • Lipase – Helps break down fats • Alcohol Dehyrogenase – breaks down alcohol in the body (makes it non toxic) There is an enzyme for just about any of your life needs!! What do you notice about the names???
Enzymes Enzyme Rules: • Enzymes are proteins • Enzymes are catalysts that speed up reactions (they turn substrates into products) • Enzymes are specific (only 1 enzyme works for 1 substrate) • Enzymes do not get used up in the reaction • Enzymes only work at a specific temperature and pH. • Enzymes end in -ase
Enzyme Action • Enzymes act on substrates. • Enzymes are very specific about the substrates that • The enzyme breaks away unchanged at the end Website for animation of Enzyme Action
Let’s Look At Enzymes From another View • Enzyme Action Site Would this reaction be an example of dehydration synthesis or hydrolysis? Why?
So How does it speed it up? • Enzymes will lower the activation energy. • Enzyme Rate – The speed at which the reactants are transformed into the products
More Enzyme Action Small starch molecule. • Amylase in Saliva action on Starch. What type of molecule is this? Add amylase….. What did we learn breaking molecules down is called? Glucose Glucose Glucose Glucose
Enzyme Activity in Action Should milk with lactose test positive for glucose? • Why can Lactose intolerant people drink milk? • How do you think that Lactaid works? • If Lactaid, is Lactase, what will happen if we add it to milk? • How could we test to see if it worked? • How can we test to see if the Lactase still worked? Draw this reaction in enzyme form. Add Lactase….. glucose galactose What should be different between the milk with lactaid and the milk without lactaid??? (This is what we will test for)
What type of bond is this? Protein in Jello Amino Acid Amino Acid Amino Acid Amino Acid Amino Acid Amino Acid Amino Acid Amino Acid Add Bromelase What is this molecule? What is different before the reaction and after the reaction? Enzyme Activity in Action • What was the difference between the Jellos? • What is a key component in Jello that makes it solidify? • If Jello does not solidify, what must be missing? • What must be occurring in the fresh pineapple Jello solution? • What is the enzyme in this reaction? • What is the substrate for this reaction? • What is the product for this reaction? • Why did the Jello with canned pineapple solidify? • What was the independent variable in this experiment? • What was the dependent variable in this experiment? • Which Jello group was the control? • Jello is sweet, based on this experiment, would it make any sense to test for sugar between the groups? Why or why not? • Name two things that were constants in this experiment. • Write a word equation for this experiment. (For example, hydrogen peroxide in the presence of catalase forms water and oxygen gas.)
Enzyme Activity in Action 2 Hydrogen peroxide molecules • Why did the hydrogen peroxide bubble on the potato that had not been cooked? • Why did the hydrogen peroxide not bubble on the potato that had been boiled? • Summarize on your warm up sheet how the enzyme works in this example. What type of molecules is this? Add catalase…. O H H O2 Oxygen Water Which part of the reaction causes the bubbles?
Enzyme Activity in Action 2 Hydrogen peroxide molecules • Why did the hydrogen peroxide bubble on the potato that had not been cooked? • Why did the hydrogen peroxide not bubble on the potato that had been boiled? • What is the reaction that is represented here? • What is the enzyme that makes it possible? • Draw this reaction in enzyme form. • Why did the potato turn black in both the potato that had been boiled and the one that had not been boiled? What type of molecules is this? Add catalase…. O H H O2 Oxygen Water Which part of the reaction causes the bubbles?
