Chapter 11 – The Renaissance

1. Chapter 11 – The Renaissance Section Notes Video Origins of the Renaissance The Italian Renaissance The Renaissance beyond Italy The Renaissance Maps Routes of Marco Polo, 1271-1295 Major Trading Cities in Renaissance Italy Venetian Trade Routes History Close-up Florence Images Rebirth of Classical Ideas Renaissance Art The Genius of Leonardo da Vinci Don Quixote

2. The Big Idea The growth of wealthy trading cities in Italy led to a new era called the Renaissance. Main Ideas European trade with Asia increased in the 1300s. Trade cities in Italy grew wealthy and competed against each other. As Florence became a center for arts and learning, the Renaissance began. Origins of the Renaissance 7.8.2 7.8.3

3. After the end of the Black Death, the economy of Europe began to grow again. Goods became available, people bought more, and trade increased. Main Idea 1:European trade with Asia increased in the 1300s.

4. In 120, the Mongols took over China. They made roads safe again, including the Silk Road, a trade route between Europe and China. Traders and travelers began to use the routes again. One famous trader was Marco Polo and his family. Some of their journeys went over the Silk Road. When the Polos arrived in China, they met the Mongol emperor Kublai Khan. Marco Polo and his family gained favor in the Chinese court and took fabulous stories back to Italy. Trade with Asia

5. By the 1300s northern Italy and its cities had become trading centers. These cities played very important roles in trade. Main Idea 2:Trade cities in Italy grew wealthy and competed against each other.

6. Four northern Italian cities became trading centers. Florence Genoa Milan Venice The cities of Milan and Florence were manufacturing centers. Port cities on the Mediterranean Sea, where the goods and services flowed, were Venice and Genoa. Milan produced weapons and silk. Florence was a center for weaving wool into cloth. Wealthy families controlled the important cities of Italy. The Trading Cities of Italy

7. Trade goods from Asia poured into Europe. The merchant families in Italy became very wealthy. The families wanted everyone to see what they could buy with their wealth. Florence, Italy, helped begin the Renaissance because Cosimo de’ Medici wanted it to be the most beautiful city in the world. The love of art and education was a key feature of a time we call the Renaissance, which means “rebirth.” Main Idea 3:As Florence became a center for arts and learning, the Renaissance began.

8. Florence, Italy, was a trading town, and banking brought even more money to the economy. The greatest bankers in Florence were the Medici family. The head of the family wanted Florence to be the most beautiful city in the world, so he hired artists to decorate his palace and architects to redo the buildings. He also improved education by building libraries and collecting books. During the time the Medici family held power, Florence became the center for Italian art, literature, and culture. The Medici Family

9. The Big Idea New ways of thinking created a rebirth of the arts and learning in Italy. Main Ideas During the Italian Renaissance, people found new ways to see the world. Italians writers contributed great works of literature. Italian art and artists were among the finest in the world. Science and education made advances during this time. The Italian Renaissance 7.8.1 7.8.5

10. During the Middle Ages, people were concerned with learning only about religion. By the 1300s, scholars began to study subjects such as history, literature, public speaking, and art. These subjects were called the humanities, and they led to the thinking and learning known as humanism. Main Idea 1:During the Italian Renaissance, people found new ways to see the world.

11. The popularity of the humanities was due to a new interest in ancient history. During the 1300s, when the Turks conquered much of the Byzantine Empire, scholars fled to Europe and took great works of literature with them. Many of the works were thought to be ancient classical writings,works by Greek or Roman thinkers. Italian scholars wanted to revive subjects that the Greeks and Romans had studied. Other sources of inspiration were Roman ruins and fine classical statues. Rediscovering the Past

12. Writers such as Dante Alighieri and Niccolo Machiavelli contributed greatly to the Renaissance. Main Idea 2:Italian writers contributed great works of literature.

13. Dante’s major work was The Divine Comedy.Dante wrote it in Italian, which was thevernacular, the common language of the people. Described an imaginary journey through the afterlife Described many of the problems Dante saw in Italian society Machiavelli wrote The Prince.He was also a politician, and his book told leaders how to rule. Told politicians to focus on the “here and now,” not on theories Dante and Machiavelli

14. During the Renaissance, Italian artists created some of the most beautiful paintings and sculptures in the world. Artists had the support of very wealthy families. New techniques, like perspective, made their work come alive. Perspective is a method of showing a three-dimensional scene on a flat surface so that it looks real. Main Idea 3:Italian art and artists were among the finest in the world.

15. Sandro Botticelli was a painter from Florence. He painted everything in fine detail. Titian, the finest artist of Venice, reflected his interest in the past by painting scenes from classical myths. Michelangelo was one of the great Italian artists. He was known as a master. He not only painted portraits but also designed buildings, wrote poetry, and painted murals in the Vatican. Leonardo da Vinci was the true genius of the Renaissance. He was a great painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and engineer. Great Artists

16. Many of the texts rediscovered in the 1300s dealt with science. For the first time in centuries, Europeans could read works by ancient scientists and make their own scientific advances. Main Idea 4:Science and education made advances during this time.

17. Mathematics was believed to be the key to unlocking the universe. Engineers and architects used math to design new buildings. Astronomy was studied to learn more about the sun and stars. Science and Education

18. The Spread of Renaissance Ideas During the Middle Ages, students had concentrated on religious subjects. During the Renaissance, students learned about the humanities as well. Petrarch wrote about the importance of knowing history. Education and new ways of spreading information would take the Renaissance far beyond Italy.

19. The Big Idea The Renaissance spread far beyond Italy and changed in the process. Main Ideas Paper, printing, and new universities led to the spread of new ideas. The ideas of the Northern Renaissance differed from those of the Italian Renaissance. Literature beyond Italy also thrived in the Renaissance. The Renaissance Beyond Italy 7.8.4 7.8.5

20. Although travelers spread the ideas of the Renaissance, the greatest method of communication was printing. The invention of the printing press meant that books could be made faster than ever before. Main Idea 1:Paper, printing and new universities led to the spread of new ideas.

21. Johann Gutenberg, a German man living in the mid-1400s, developed a printing press with movable type. The first printed book was a Bible. Books could be copied faster with the printing press than by handwriting them. Students from around Europe traveled to Italy to study at the universities. New universities began to open in France, Germany, and the Netherlands. Women from noble families were often educated at home. They then married nobles from around Europe and spread the Renaissance ideas to their husbands’ lands. The Spread of New Ideas

22. Northern scholars focused on the history of Christianity. The resulting combination of humanist and religious ideas is called Christian humanism. Main Idea 2:The ideas of the Northern Renaissance differed from those of the Italian Renaissance.

23. Northern artists painted in a realistic style and painted primarily scenes of daily life. Albrecht Dürer was an artist from Germany who was most famous for his prints. A print is a work of art reproduced from an original. He carved an image into a metal sheet or wooden block, covered it in ink, and pressed a sheet of paper down on it to transfer the image to the paper. Hans Holbein and Jan van Eyck were famous for their painting of portraits. Van Eyck worked in oil paints, a new invention. Artists of the Northern Renaissance

24. Writers in other countries besides Italy also included Renaissance ideas. However, these writers wrote in their own languages. Main Idea 3:Literature beyond Italy also thrived in the Renaissance.

25. Miguel de Cervantes was a Spanish writer who wrote Don Quixote in his own language. William Shakespeare also wrote in his own language, English. He wrote plays and poetry and is considered the greatest writer in the English language. The works of both men have been translated into many languages and read all over the world. Cervantes and Shakespeare

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