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Bunyaviridae vs Arenaviridae: Comparative Insight

Discover the differences and similarities between Bunyaviridae and Arenaviridae families, including transmission, clinical syndromes, and laboratory diagnosis. Learn about the unique features, epidemiology, and prevention strategies of these zoonotic viruses.

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Bunyaviridae vs Arenaviridae: Comparative Insight

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  1. Bunyaviridae

  2. The Bunyaviridae and Arenaviridae • share several similarities. • Both are zoonoses; • most of the Bunyaviridae are arboviruses, but the Arenaviridae are not. • Many of the viruses from these families cause encephalitis or hemorrhagic disease.

  3. Bunyaviridae • A supergroup of at least 200 • enveloped, • segmented, • negative-strand • RNA

  4. Bunyaviridae • 4genera • Bunyavirus • Phlebovirus • Nairovirus • Hantavirus

  5. Bunyaviridae • Most of the Bunyaviridae are arboviruses (arthropod-borne) that are spread by mosquitoes, ticks, or flies and are endemic to the environment of the vector. • The hantaviruses are the exception; they are carried by rodents.

  6. Bunyaviridae/some unique features • .. • Virus can infect humans and arthropods • Virus in arthropod can be transmitted to its eggs

  7. Bunyaviridae/Epidemiology • Transmission • Via arthropods through break in skin • At risk: • People in habitat of arthropod vector • California encephalitis group: campers, forest rangers, woodsmen • Season • More common in summer • Modes of control • Elimination of vector or vector’s habitat • Avoidence of vector’s habitat

  8. Bunyaviridae/Clinical syndromes • Non-specific febrile flu-like illness • Encephalitis • Hemorrhagic fever • Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

  9. Bunyaviridae/Laboratory diagnosis • Ab (IgM, or 4x IgG) or Ag by ELISA • RT-PCR • No specific therapy

  10. Nairovirus • Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus; • Hemorrhagic fever • Insect vector:special tick(Hyalomma) • Vertebrate host:Hares, cattle, goats, seabirds

  11. Arenaviruses • The arenaviruses include: • Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) and hemorrhagic fever viruses, such as the Lassa, Junin, and Machupo viruses. • These viruses cause persistent infections in specific rodents and can be transmitted to humans as zoonoses.

  12. Arenaviruses • Most arenaviruses, except for the virus that causes LCM, are found in the tropics of Africa and South America. • These rodent-borne infections can be prevented by limiting contact with the vector.

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