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Fundamentals of Information Systems

Fundamentals of Information Systems. MBA 606. Introduction to Computers. Computers Information Systems & Technology Hardware Input, CPU, Output, Storage Software. Basic Concepts of Computers & Information Systems. 1.1 Concepts of Information.

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Fundamentals of Information Systems

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  1. Fundamentals ofInformation Systems MBA 606

  2. Introduction to Computers • Computers • Information Systems & Technology • Hardware • Input, CPU, Output, Storage • Software

  3. Basic Concepts of Computers & Information Systems

  4. 1.1 Concepts of Information “Data is recorded facts or figures; information is knowledge gained by processing data” (Kroenke, 1983). “Data can be defined as any representation of facts, observations, or occurrences. . . Information can be defined as data that has been transformed into a meaningful and useful form for specific human beings” (O’Brien, 1982).

  5. Definition • Information: data that has been processed into a form that is meaningful to the recipient and is of real or perspective value in current or perspective action or decision (Davis & Olson, 1985). • Data: Raw facts that are collected (Simon, 1996).

  6. Data / Information Flow Data Processing Information

  7. 1.2 Systems Concepts • System: is a set of components which interact to accomplish some purpose

  8. General Model of a System Input Process Output Feedback

  9. Information Systems defined • An information system: components that work together to provide desired information in the proper format at an appropriate time. • Computer-based information systems (CBIS).

  10. Software Hardware People Data Procedures 1.3 Information-System Components

  11. Hardware • Physical equipment including the computer itself, keyboard, mouse, monitor, other peripheral devices such as printer, projector, etc.

  12. Input/Processing/Output Computer Data and programs Information Input Processing Output

  13. Input Devices Keyboard Input

  14. Output Devices Output

  15. Overview of Computer Processing Other Input Computer System Unit Secondary Storage Primary Memory Data Programs CentralProcessingUnit Other Output

  16. Primary Memory Secondary Storage General Procedures in Processing Data • Data is read from secondary storage into primary memory for processing. Results are then displayed on the computer screen. Result Action

  17. Storage Media • Punch cards • Magnetic • Tape • Disk • Optical • CD-ROM/DVD-ROM • WORM/CD-R • MO

  18. Software • Software is the term used for the step-by-step instructions provided to the hardware; a.k.a. programs.

  19. Application Programs • Software for specific purposes or business uses • Word processors, spreadsheets, database, etc.

  20. Operating system programs • OS • directs the hardware’s activities and operations • MS-DOS, Mac-OS, Windows95/98/NT/2000/XP, UNIX, VAX/VMS, etc.

  21. Data • Data is the raw facts about some topic • Typically data is stored in database, files, records, or fields

  22. Procedure • Just as hardware needs instructions (software) to tell it how to perform work in the desired manner, people also need instructions. These instructions are called procedurein IS.

  23. People • Manufacturers • Programmers, Operators, Analysts • Users • GIGO: inaccurate input will produce inaccurate output

  24. W J D O H I E V A P U N C Z Q K M S L R Y X F B T G ISA (Information Systems Acronyms) PC DOS GIGO

  25. W J D O H I E V A P U N C Z Q K M S L R Y X F B T G ISA (Information Systems Acronyms) Personal Computer Disk Operating System Garbage In, Garbage Out PC DOS GIGO

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