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Explore the transformative period of the Renaissance, from the impact of the Crusades and contact with Muslims to the rise of humanism. Discover how Greek and Roman influences, brilliant artists like Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael, and thinkers like Machiavelli shaped this era. Witness the birth of universities, the printing press by Johann Gutenberg, and the timeless works of William Shakespeare.
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Unit 4: task two power point The beginning of theRenaissance
The Crusades • Contact with the Muslims opened up Europe to ancient Greek and Roman thought and discoveries, paving the way for the renaissance.
Patriarch • The failure of later crusades lessen the power of the pope and feudal nobles. • The religious spirit of the First Crusade faded, replaced by a search for personal gain.
Muslims • They preserved the writings of old Greek philosophers which Jewish scholars then translated into Latin. • Europeans acquired a huge new body of knowledge in science, law, math and philosophy. • Crusaders brought back with them superior Muslim technology in ships navigation and weapons.
Greek and Roman influences • Art and literature benefited from the rediscovery of Greek and Roman artworks and aesthetic ideals.
University • The word originally designated a group of scholars meeting wherever they could. • People, not buildings, made up the medieval university. • Universities arose at Paris, France; Bologna and Salerno, Italy and Oxford, England.
Aristotle • Was a major influence on scholars such as Thomas Aquinas who wrote the Summa Theologica that combined ancient Greek thought with the Christian thought of that time. • The scholastics used their knowledge of Aristotle to debate issues of their time. • Democratic institutions and traditions began to develop.
Vernacular • At a time when serious scholars and writers were writing in Latin, a few remarkable poets began using the everyday language of their homeland. • Dante Alighieri wrote The Divine Comedy in Italian. • Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales in English. • Christine de Pisan wrote The City of Ladies in French.
The birthplace of the Renaissance • SEVERAL IMPORTANT CITIES • WEALTHY AND POWERFUL BANKERS AND MERCHANTS • ARTISTS AND SCHOLARS
HUMANISM • A renewed interest in the classical past becomes an important value in Renaissance culture. • Scholars attempted to understand Christian teachings on their own terms. • Emphasis switched from spiritual values to things of the world this was expressed by powerful and wealthy people paying artists, writers, and musicians to create beautiful works of art. • Men who succeeded in mastering many fields of study or work was greatly admired. • An example of this ideal would be Leonardo Da Vinci.
Leonardo Da Vinci Da Vinci was a painter, scientist, and inventor.
Michelangelo Michelangelo showed great skill as an architect, a sculptor, and a painter. His work is an example of a more realistic style and the use of perspective.
Raphael Raphael began to modify the style he had learned, gradually assimilating the new techniques of Leonardo and Michelangelo.
Machiavelli Niccolo Machiavelli took a new approach to understanding government. He focused on telling rulers how to expand their power, even if that meant taking steps that the Church might view as evil.
Johann Guttenberg In 1440 he used the new invention of movable type and in 1445 he produced his first book- The Bible.
William Shakespeare William Shakespeare is widely viewed as the greatest playwright of all time. His plays showed a brilliant command of the English language and a deep understanding of people and how they interact with one another.
All information is taken from the world history textbook except for the information on Raphael, that was found http://www.artchive.com/artchive/R/raphael.html. All pictures were found in Google images.
