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clusterd: app server security Bryan Alexander

A Python-based, command line-driven toolkit for attacking JBoss, Tomcat, WebLogic, ColdFusion, Railo, Axis2 servers. Discover vulnerabilities, exploit LFI, brute force, and more.

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clusterd: app server security Bryan Alexander

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  1. clusterd: app server security Bryan Alexander

  2. who • pentester @ Coalfire Labs • Independent researcher • Breaking via building

  3. why?

  4. why? • ColdFusion 10 deployments? • JRun hash retrieval? • WebLogic anythings? • Running versions? • Jboss 7.x/8.x deploys? • Brute forcing? • Railo? Axis2? WebSphere?! • More!?

  5. what • clusterd; application server attack toolkit • Python-based, command line driven • Support for Jboss, WebLogic, Tomcat, Coldfusion, Railo, …

  6. what • JBoss • Tomcat • WebLogic • ColdFusion • Railo • Axis2

  7. JBoss • So much has already been said (Matasano, Red Team Pentesting, HSC) • Let's talk about things that haven't been

  8. Jboss Recap • Versions 3.x – 7.x “Jboss” • Versions 8.x+ rebranded to “WildFly” • Make it rain shells with WARs • No security by default • clusterd currently features 7 unique deployers • Typically run as an administrative/SYSTEM user

  9. Jboss Recap

  10. Jboss 7.x • One interface to rule them all (JSON API) • They still haven't figured out how authentication works • Unauthenticated deploys via exposed management interface

  11. Jboss UNC • Not a new attack, but a new application • Force JBoss to load a remote resource via a UNC path, capture hashes, crack 'em

  12. Jboss CVE-2005-2006 • Nobody is using this bug to fetch credentials

  13. Jboss Auxiliary • Auxiliary modules used for scraping remote information

  14. Tomcat Recap • Tomcat 3.x – 8.x; very consistent platform • Default creds! • Roles! manager vs. manager-gui • clusterd currently deploys to everything

  15. Tomcat • Not much going on; all the standard modules

  16. WebLogic • Oracle's very own Jboss/Tomcat (still Java) • Very enterprise-y; clustering, systematic backups, etc • Difficult to obtain older versions (which have default creds)

  17. WebLogic • WebLogic supports deploying WAR files, and so does clusterd • You have to use the java/jsp_shell_*_tcp payloads (default in clusterd)

  18. WebLogic • Two versions of the admin interface; http and https (ports 7001 and 9002) • Typically run as a system service • Clustered environment, deploys can trickle down a domain • Very often seen in high-availability environments, ie. systems running active/active

  19. Coldfusion Recap • Coldfusion 6.x – 11.x • clusterd currently has three deployers for CF • LFI leading to hash disclosure v6.x – 10.x • No cracking when you can PTH • No default credentials, but plenty of ways to get around that

  20. Coldfusion

  21. Coldfusion • Everybody knows the task scheduler can be used to deploy • 10.x+ restricts the extension (no cfml)

  22. Coldfusion • How about LFI to RCE?

  23. Railo • Railo 3.x – 4.x • Essentially just a FOSS Coldfusion • Task scheduler, plugin architecture, clustered servers, lots of development • By default very promiscuous

  24. Railo • No public vulnerabilities, yet... • Two interfaces; server.cfm and web.cfm • Runs jsp and cfml, much like CF

  25. Axis2 • Axis2 1.2 – 1.6 • Web services (soap/wsdl) engine; deploy services not applications • Couple ways to deploy; clusterd currently supports one (recently added) • Default creds! • Last release was 2012, but still heavily used

  26. Axis2 • Generating payloads is pretty simple, but we can't use vanilla msfpayload • Generate a java/meterpreter/reverse_tcp and pack it into a jar; build XML descriptor

  27. Axis2 • LFI in 1.4.x, obviously we're going to fetch creds

  28. other features • All platforms support brute forcing via supplied wordlist

  29. other features • Clean up after yourselves; every platform has an undeployer

  30. other features • Discovery module

  31. other features Maybe demo?

  32. FOSSy • Well formed pull requests welcome • https://github.com/hatRiot/clusterd • Public to-do hosted on Trello • https://trello.com/b/Bwcmrsyd/clusterd • Research and 0days and fun stuff on my blog • http://hatriot.github.io/ • Twat or email me your questions/bugs/requests • @dronesec (bryan.alexander@coalfire.com)

  33. Questions¿ Comments?

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