El imperativo en español

1. El imperativo en español • Today we will learn how to use the imperative in Spanish only in affirmative sentences. • We will learn only the second person singular ( informal + formal Usted ) • We will see some of the irregular verbs in the imperative

2. What are they ? • The imperative or positive familiar Cammands (mandatos) are used when you are telling (not just asking!) somebody to do something or giving him an order. • They’re expressed by means of the imperative mood. The Spanish imperative exists for 5 different grammatical people: tú, Ud., nosotros, vosotros, and Uds. Most often we find the formal form Ud. (You polite) Ud: ¡hable usted más despacio! por favor.(speak slowly, please!). Tú: ¡espera a tu madre! (wait for your mother). nosotros: ¡Hablemos de otras cosas! (Let’s talk about other things!). vosotros (only in Spain): ¡dormid vosotros! (Go to sleep, you all!). Uds: ¡hablen ustedes más despacio! por favor. (you poeple) speak slowly, please!) • But we will only see the second person formal and informal today

3. When do we use it? • We use it mainly for : • To tell people what to do • To give permission • To give directions

4. General rules • Imperative mood only has one tense, the present tense. • Spanish verbs are always either regular or irregular as it happens with English verbs. • All Spanish verbs end either in "-ar", "-er" or "-ir ". These are the three Spanish conjugations.

5. For the verbs ending in -ar: • tú (You) -a • usted (he, she, you formal)-e For example hablar: Remove the -ar and keep habl- then add the endings Tu- habl-a Usted – habl-e

6. For verbs in –er and –ir the endings are the other way out. Easy!!!! • Tu – e • Usted – a For example the verb correr. Remove the –er and add the ending tu Corr-e Usted Corr-a For verbs in –ir do the same. Verb escribir. Remover the –ir and add the ending. Tu Escrib-e Usted Escrib-a

7. Reminder !!! • Look at the reminder, can you translate the commands into English? • Commands • (Mandatos): • tú • usted • hablar: -a,-e, • ¡Habla! • ¡Hable! • comer: -e, -a, • ¡Come! • ¡Coma! • vivir:   -e, -a, • ¡Vive • ¡Viva!

8. So far so good? • However there is a slight problem... but I told you so....... We have some irregular verbs like in English .

9. Let’s aim for ten irregular ones, then • Poner –pon, ponga (go to present 1st person and then do the changes) • Sacar- saca, saque • Tener- ten, tenga ( go to present 1st person ) • Seguir- sigue, siga ( go to present 1st person ) • Hacer- haz, haga • Salir- sal, salga ( go to present 1st person ) • Volver- vuelve, vuelva • Empezar- empieza, empiece • Cerra- cierra- cierre. • Traer- trae- traiga.

10. Poor Cinderella! • Everybody tells her what to do : • The nasty stepsisters • The horrible stepmother • The Godmother • Even the prince!!! • Use some of these verbs to make up some sentences : Limpiar, venir, cocinar, volver, bailar,....