Introduction to Spatial Computing

1. Introduction to Spatial Computing Dr. Doug Oetter, Associate Professor Dept. of History, Geography, and Philosophy Friday, November 12, 2010 12:30-3:30 A&S 2-54

2. Geospatial Science • Study of the spatial aspects of terrestrial and geographic datasets through scientific methods involving software and analysis

3. Why Make Maps on a Computer? • Digital storage • Easy to update • Easy to add information • Accurate • Simple to adapt for multiple users and multiple media

4. Map Making Methods • Draw by hand • Adapt from another source • Pre-made, editable map software • Cartesia & Adobe Illustrator • Geographic Information Systems (GIS) • Complete spatial database for mapping and geographic inquiry

5. Geographic Information Systems • Hardware • Digitizer, computer, plotter • Global Positioning Satellite • Software • Grass, MapInfo, ArcView, ArcGIS • Data • Analog data (maps, tables, images) • Digitial data (shapefiles, coverages, grids, raster images) • Users • Training is available! • Methods

6. Applications

7. Geospatial Project Problem Definition Outline study area Data Acquisition Generating data from your field work Capture data online Pre-processing Spatial Analysis and Modeling Geoprocessing Data analysis Complex geographic solutions Presentation Maps, graphics, tables

9. 1. Problem Statement • Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is a guided-design pedogogical style based on the assumption that students are motivated to solve real-world problems and will actively work to acquire the knowledge needed to solve them.  • Present the problem statement. Introduce an "ill-structured" problem or scenario to students. They should not have enough prior knowledge to solve the problem. This simply means they will have to gather necessary information or learn new concepts, principles, or skills as they engage in the problem-solving process. http://www.cotf.edu/ete/teacher/teacherout.html

11. 2. Data Acquisition • Resource List • List what is needed. Presented with a problem, students will need to find information to fill in missing gaps. A second list is prepared under the heading: "What do we need to know?" These questions will guide searches that may take place on-line, in the library, and in other out-of-class searches.

12. Maps • Use maps as source information • Paper maps can be converted to digital

13. Online Geographic Data Sources U. S. Government Public Clearinghouses Private Sources

14. Data Sources- U. S. Government • Bureau of Land Management • Dept. of Commerce Census Bureau • Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing system (TIGER) • Federal Emergency Management Agency • National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (formerly NIMA) • U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service • National Wetlands Inventory • U. S. Forest Service • U. S. Geological Survey • Water Resources • National Land Cover Data • The National Map

15. Government Imagery Sources • AVIRIS • Eurimage • GLCF • NASA • MODIS • Radarsat • USGS • Earth Explorer • EROS Data Center • GLOVIS

16. Public Clearinghouses • National Atlas • State Depositories • Georgia • International Data • Center for International Earth Science Information (CIESIN) • Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment (GLOBE)

17. Private Data Sources • EarthSat • Geography Network • GIS Data Depot • Ikonos • Quickbird • SPOT • Terraserver

18. Global Positioning Satellites • GPS Satellite devices

19. Parallels of latitude Meridians of longitude Location on Globe

20. Geographic Coordinate System

21. Grid Coordinate System • Points are defined with X,Y coordinates • UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) • UTM Zone 17 N, 291800 E, 3662300 N

22. Collecting Geographic Data • Collect any type of data required • Be sure to capture location using a coordinate system • Think points, lines, and polygons • Think ‘surface of the Earth’ • Coordinated capture system • Linking camera to GPS unit using time stamps • http://hercules.gcsu.edu/~doetter/geo/kmz/Lower_Oconee_River.kmz

23. Excel • Spreadsheets allow data organization • Columns for field (thematic) data • Rows for records (events)

24. Questions?

26. 3. Spatial Analysis

27. GIS Software Providers • ESRI • ArcView • Arc/INFO • ArcGIS • GeoMedia • MapInfo • GRASS

28. Google Earth • http://hercules.gcsu.edu/~doetter/geo/google_earth.html • http://na.unep.net/atlas/google.php

29. ArcGIS Desktop Software ArcView—data visualization, query, and analysis capabilities ArcEditor—a powerful data creation and editing environment ArcInfo—the professional GIS of choice for data automation, geoprocessing, and analysis Server Software ArcSDE—the gateway for managing spatial data in a commercial database management system (DBMS) ArcGIS

30. Getting Started with ArcMap • Toolbars • Table of Contents • Data View • Layout View

31. Exploring Data • Load in Georgia map document • ga_data.mxd • Pan • Zoom • Legend • Attribute tables • Attribute query

32. Using Digital Imagery • Digital Raster Graphs • Scanned and geo-registered USGS topographic maps • Digital Orthophotographs • Geo-registered aerial photographs

33. Loading GPS Data • Input each location to a new shapefile OR • Make X, Y, ID table in Excel • Export to .dbf format • Add file to ArcView as a table • In View, Add Event Theme • Convert event theme to Shapefile and save OR • Have your GPS unit do it automatically!!

34. Geoprocessing • Reprojection • Measurement • Clip • Buffer • Union • Intersect • Attribute Query • Location Query

35. Questions?

37. 4. Presentation • Present and support the solution. As part of closure, teachers may require students to communicate, orally and/or in writing, their findings and recommendations. The product should include the problem statement, questions, data gathered, analysis of data, and support for solutions or recommendations based on the data analysis.

38. Map Production • Basic map elements • Title • Scale • Legend • Orientation • Metadata

39. http://hercules.gcsu.edu/~doetter/geo/Baldwin_Cultural_Tour.kmzhttp://hercules.gcsu.edu/~doetter/geo/Baldwin_Cultural_Tour.kmz Geographic Visualization

40. ESRI ArcScene

41. Google Earth

42. Questions?