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William Lacy SWING

William Lacy SWING. Special Representative for the Democratic Republic of the Congo MONUC. Briefing to the Parliamentary Joint Standing Committee on Defence Parliamentary Portfolio Committee on Defence Cape Town, 23 June 2006. ISSUE: COST AND SUSTAINABILITY. UN MISSION.

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William Lacy SWING

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  1. William Lacy SWING Special Representative for the Democratic Republic of the Congo MONUC Briefing to the Parliamentary Joint Standing Committee on Defence Parliamentary Portfolio Committee on Defence Cape Town, 23 June 2006

  2. ISSUE: COST AND SUSTAINABILITY UN MISSION [PMG note: graphics not included, please email info@pmg.org.za] MESSAGE: ACHIEVE TIMELY RESULTS TO REMAIN CREDIBLE

  3. BANDUNDU VILLE KIKWIT KALEMIE MONUC OFFICES GBADOLITE ARU/MAHAGI ITURI BDE EASTERN DIV. BUNIA KISANGANI REGIONAL OFFICEKampala, Uganda BENI/BUTEMBO LOG BASE MBANDAKA LUBERO LOG BASEEntebbe, Uganda GOMA KIVU BDE N KIVU BDE NS LOG BASE BUKAVU REGIONAL OFFICEKigali, Rwanda KINDU UVIRA HQ MILITARY HQ KINSHASA MATADI KANANGA LOG BASEKigoma, Tanzania MBUJI-MAYI HQ Kinshasa 17 Field Offices 5 Military HQs 4 Logistics bases REGIONAL OFFICEPretoria, South Africa 3 Regional Offices LUBUMBASHI MESSAGE: CONTINUE TO DECENTRALISE

  4. Why the DRC Matters • One of world’s largest on-going tragedies • Potential political center of gravity for central Africa • Latent African economic powerhouse • [PMG note: graphics not included, please email info@pmg.org.za] MESSAGE: IF CONGO SUCCEEDS, ALL AFRICA PROFITS

  5. Introduction THREE KEY POINTS: • MONUC: Most sweeping changes since 1999; • DRC: Unprecedented international commitment; • Issues: Most favorable constellation [PMG note: graphics not included, please email info@pmg.org.za] MESSAGE: CONGO IS AT CROSS ROADS

  6. Unprecedented International Commitment • 5 international peace agreements • (Lusaka, Sun City, Pretoria, etc); • 30+ UNSC resolutions; • 7 UNSC Missions to DRC. • USD 4 billion+ (1999-2006) for MONUC • 33 peacekeepers killed in action [PMG note: graphics not included, please email info@pmg.org.za] MESSAGE: DRC TRANSITION HAS INTL LEGAL FRAMEWORK; FINANCES; STRUCTURE

  7. An African process Mbeki Masire Obasanjo Sassou N. Konare [PMG note: graphics not included, please email info@pmg.org.za] MESSAGE: REGIONAL SUPPORT ESSENTIAL

  8. Core Goals I. Elections with Stability II. Peace and Security / SSR III. Address War’s Legacy IV. Mission Support & Reform [PMG note: graphics not included, please email info@pmg.org.za]

  9. I. Elections with stability Elections and the region Sudan (1) VAR (1) Rcongo Uganda DRC (2) Rwanda (1) Burundi (1) Angola (4) Zambia Tanzania [PMG note: map not included, please email info@pmg.org.za] MESSAGE: 10 UN PKOs in 7 COUNTRIES SINCE 1960

  10. Constitution & Essential Legislation In Government (1) In Parliament (2) Promulgated (14) Law on Voter Registration Law on Political Parties Law on the IEC Law on the TRC Law on the High Media Auth. Law on the National HR Ob. Law on the Ethics and Anti-Corruption Com. Law on Nationality Law on Army & Defense 2005 Budget Constitution Referendum Law Law on Amnesty Electoral law Law on Magistrates Law on the Conseil Superieur de la Magistrature Law on financing of political parties Joint Commission: Constitution & Essential Legislation Chaired by: SRSG and National Assembly President Secretariat: MONUC MESSAGE: LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ELECTIONS SET

  11. Elections I. Elections with stability Challenges for the Elections: • Largest country (2,344,885 sq km) • Largest electorate (25.6 million) • First free and fair elections in 40 years • Last census 1984; no ID cards • 53,000 Polling stations, 300,000 poll workers • “Europe without roads” [PMG note: graphics not included, please email info@pmg.org.za] MESSAGE: LARGEST ELECTIONS UN HAS ASSISTED

  12. Elections I. Elections with stability Challenges for the Elections (2): • Stringent deadlines • Funding and equipment • Intl technical support • Civic education • Tense political environment • Security situation • Supreme Court of Justice credibility • Transport of cash for payments [PMG note: graphics not included, please email info@pmg.org.za]

  13. I. Elections with stability Electoral process Some achievements so far: • 25.6 million voters registered • New Constitution adopted at a referendum • 33 presidential; 9,632 parliamentary, 10,000+ provincial assembly candidates • Process at point of no return [PMG note: graphics not included, please email info@pmg.org.za]

  14. I. Elections with stability Candidates: statistics (1) Some statistics: • 33 Presidential candidates • 9,632 candidates for 500 seats in Parliament in 169 districts • 17 candidates per seat on average • 56 per seat in Kinshasa, 12 in Equateur and Maniema [PMG note: graphics not included, please email info@pmg.org.za]

  15. I. Elections with stability Candidates: statistics (2) • Have registered as candidates: • 80% of current MPs • 70% of Government members • 60% of incumbent Governors and D/Gov. [PMG note: graphics not included, please email info@pmg.org.za]

  16. I. Elections with stability Candidates: statistics (3) • Candidates of 218 parties for 500 seats: • Alliance présidentielle : 1,100+ • CODECO: 600+ • MLC: 435 • RCD: 425 • UNADEC: 400 • Forces du renouveau (RCD-KML+): 430 • PALU: 200 • Démocratie Chrétienne: 200

  17. I. Elections with stability Electoral process: UN role • Electoral assistance(MONUC, UNDP) • Electoral funds management, incl. procurement(UNDP) • Logistics to and beyond 166 local sites (MONUC) • Security in Eastern DRC (MONUC) • Public information (MONUC/Okapi) [PMG note: graphics not included, please email info@pmg.org.za] MESSAGE: UN’S ROLE ESSENTIAL TO DRC ELECTIONS ISSUE 1: MORE STAFF & AIRCRAFT NEEDED

  18. I. Elections with stability Electoral Security Concerns: FARDC/PNC: No equipment, weak support MONUC Force: Limited, focused on East(13/15 batts) DDRRR: 10,000 foreign combatants DDR: 150,000 Congolese combatants   Congolese National Police   Presidential Guard [PMG note: graphics not included, please email info@pmg.org.za] ISSUE: INTL SUPPORT FOR FARDC AND PNC

  19. I. Elections with stability DDR & Integration • 150,000+ (est.) combatants in FARDC • 123,159 processed: • 79,659 demobilized, of which 17,000 children • 38,293 re-integrated in the FARDC • 80,000 weapons collected • 75,000+ remaining most difficult • PERSISTENT DELAYS, BLOCKAGES • MONUC’S ROLE: (1) Secure orientation centres with FARDC/CNP; • (2) Disarm and control armament with SMI, CONADER; (3) Dispose of defectivearms/munitions. [PMG note: graphics not included, please email info@pmg.org.za]

  20. MONUC Police: FPUs [PMG note: map not included, please email info@pmg.org.za] ISSUE: RETAIN FPUs AFTER ELECTIONS

  21. Duties of the 6 MONUC FPU 1. Support MONUC Police Activities • Protect UN officials and police in the discharge of their duties • Support MONUC Police tactically and operationally 2. Crowd Control and Public Security • Rapid response and public order capacity • Manage crowd / riot situations • Fill potential security vacuum during subsequent UN military withdrawal • other mandated duties

  22. Duties of the 6 MONUC FPU 3. Assistance to the National Police (PNC) • Give PNC rapid crowd control and public order capacity • Assist and train PNC to develop this capacity 4. Assistance to Humanitarian Agencies and other Organizations the UN supports • Assist the humanitarian agencies and other organizations acknowledged by the United Nations

  23. Public Information I. Elections with stability Supporting MONUC’s mandate • Listeners: 30 million+ • Cov. pop.: 80% FM, 100% SW, • on satellite, on internet • 7 days a week, 24-hours a day in five languages. • The only national radio • Crucial to ‘elections with stability’ [PMG note: map & graphics not included, please email info@pmg.org.za] MESSAGE: PRESERVE OKAPI’S PROFESSIONAL, IMPARTIAL VOICE

  24. Until December 2006 I. Elections with stability Finances BUDGET : [PMG note: graphics not included, please email info@pmg.org.za] MESSAGE: STRONG INTL SUPPORT FOR ELECTIONS

  25. I. Elections with stability Comparative Costs • Country Cost (USD) Population PollsCost/capita/PollRemarks • DRC 422 M 60 M 5 1.4 Log.+Sec. incl. • Liberia 17.5 M 3 M 1 5.8 • Afghanistan 170 M 30 M 1 5.7 • Haiti 41 M 8.4 M 4 1.2

  26. I. Elections with stability Geographical challenge [PMG note: map not included, please email info@pmg.org.za] MESSAGE: UNPRECEDENTED UN PK SCALE

  27. A continent-sized country… 213 times larger than Kosovo; 86 times larger than Burundi; 24 times larger than Liberia; or, the same size as… Portugal, Spain, Italy, France, Switzerland, Belgium Luxembourg, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Austria, Poland…combined [PMG note: map not included, please email info@pmg.org.za] MESSAGE: UNPRECEDENTED UN PK SCALE

  28. I. Elections with stability Geographical challenge Cambodia Liberia Democratic Republic of the Congo Sierra Leone Haiti Côte d’Ivoire Afghanistan Sierra Leone AREAS: 2,345,410 sq km (DRC) 1,180,820 sq km (Afghanistan + Cote d’Ivoire + Haiti + Liberia + Sierra Leone) [PMG note: map not included, please email info@pmg.org.za] MESSAGE: UNPRECEDENTED UN PK SCALE

  29. FORCE COMMANDER’S SCHEME OF MANOEUVRE FORCE HQ KINSHASA DIVISIONAL HQKISANGANI [PMG note: map not included, please email info@pmg.org.za] MESSAGE: TROOP LEVELS INADEQUATE, DIV HQ VITAL

  30. DEPLOYMENT IN ITURI - 77 220 km2 [PMG note: map not included, please email info@pmg.org.za] MESSAGE: HETEROGENEOUS BRIGADE INADVISABLE

  31. II A+ REINFORCEMENT IN THE KIVUS: NORTH KIVU BRIGADE - - - - 7,300 troops at 13 locations in an area 5 times larger than Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and Burundi combined. [PMG note: map not included, please email info@pmg.org.za]

  32. REINFORCEMENT IN THE KIVUS: SOUTH KIVU BRIGADE 7,300 troops at 13 locations in an area 5 times larger than Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and Burundi combined. C A 2/ III 2/ III [PMG note: map not included, please email info@pmg.org.za]

  33. REINFORCEMENT IN THE KIVUS NORTH AND SOUTH KIVU BRIGADES 7,300 troops at 13 locations in an area 5 times larger than Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and Burundi combined. [PMG note: map not included, please email info@pmg.org.za]

  34. II. Peace and Security Foreign Armed Groups • Rwandan: FDLR [7,000 - 8,000] • Ugandan: ADF/NALU [1,500 – 2,000] & LRA • Burundian: FNL [<500?] • Threat to local population and regional relations • Local business/political interests • Increasing FARDC / MONUC military pressure [PMG note: graphics not included, please email info@pmg.org.za] MESSAGE: FAGs MENACE DRC PEOPLE, REGIONAL RELATIONS, BUT NOT DRC ELECTIONS OR NEIGHBOURS

  35. DDRRR Strategy • 1. Political pressure: • Security Council/Tripartite sanctions Neighbors and Governments to support peace process • Denial of safe havens/rear bases • 2. Military Measures: • Area Domination Missions • Joint FARDC-MONUC operations • Establishment of arms-free zones (cordon and search operations) • Dismantlement of illegal checkpoints/road tax blockades • 3. Justice: • Arrest of Gedeon; and“India Queen • Arrest of General Jerome Kakuavu and Kisembo from the Ituri militias • Arrest of General Widi , FARDC commander of the 6e military region • ICC extraditions: e.g. Thomas Lubanga • Arrest of FDLR Leader Murwanashyaka • Uganda arrest of MRC leaders • Extradition treaties

  36. II. Peace and Security DDRRR: Building military pressure • Objectives: • Protect the population • Dominate foreign group-held areas Means: Area domination, show of force, deterrence (« Iron Fist », « Falcon Sweep », «Thunder Storm », etc. ) Constraints: MONUC: Inadequate mapping; FARDC: Poor log & ops support [PMG note: graphics not included, please email info@pmg.org.za]

  37. II. Peace and Security DDRRR: statistics * Shows reduction in number of foreign combatants and dependents on DRC territory, whether by repatriation or death.

  38. II. Peace and Security DDRRR: statistics Cumulative repatriations MESSAGE: VOLUNTARY DDRRR AT STANDSTILL, POL; MILITARY; LEGAL PRESSURE REQUIRED

  39. II. Peace and Security IturiArmed Groups OPPORTUNITIES • 10,000 FARDC and 5,000 Blue Helmets in Ituri • Build-up in FARDC-MONUC ops • Ending impunity: T. Lubanga extradited / 7-8 in Kampala detention, several in • DRC jails • « India Queen » LIMITATIONS • MAIN PROBLEM: illegal weapons – illegal exports syndrome • DCR payments ending 30 June • Elections: reduced operational tempo • Weak FARDC ops & log capacity [PMG note: graphics not included, please email info@pmg.org.za]

  40. MARCH 2005: AREAS OF OF ITURI ARMED GROUPS MARCH 2005: AREAS OF OF ITURI ARMED GROUPS ARU Ndrele Marobo Mahagi Kwandruma Marobo Gina Kafe Tche Fataki Tchomia Mahag Mambasa Kaseny Mongwalu Aveba Marobo Mambasa [PMG note: map not included, please email info@pmg.org.za]

  41. AUGUST 2005: AREAS OF ITURI ARMED GROUPS Aru Mongwalu Mahagi Kasenyi Fataki Kwandruma Tche Gina Mambasa Marabo Kafe Bunia Aveba Tchomia [PMG note: map not included, please email info@pmg.org.za]

  42. MAY 2006: AREAS OF ITURI ARMED GROUPS Aru Mongwalu Fataki Mahagi Gina Tche Kwandruma Tchomia Mambasa Marabo Bunia Kafe Kasenyi [PMG note: map not included, please email info@pmg.org.za]

  43. Essential Tasks: Army integration NYALEKE KISANGANI RUMANGABO KITONA LUBERIZI KAMINA Army brassage center MESSAGE: QUALITY MORE IMPORTANT THAN NUMBER Army/DDR Orientation centre

  44. II. Peace and Security New Army (FARDC): Status TG Objective: 3 waves x 6 Integrated Brigades by Elections 1st WAVE - 7th , 8th and 9th ready and waiting deployment - 10th, 11th and 12th to be ready shortly 2nd WAVE 3rd WAVE MAY – ? 06 - SIX BDES

  45. 9 integrated Brigades: 3 Bdes Ituri 3 Bdes North Kivu 3 Bdes South Kivu Logistics: food, water, medical, transport TG to provide arms and ammunition, optical, accommodation and medical support DONORS NEEDED: clothing, individual equipment, communications equipment, vehicles, nautical assets II. Peace and Security FARDC: Short-term requirements [PMG note: graphics not included, please email info@pmg.org.za] MESSAGE: URGENT INTL SUPPORT REQUIRED

  46. II. Peace and Security Regional relations FRAMEWORKS • Joint Verification Mechanisms • DRC/Rwanda • DRC/Uganda • Tripartite+ Commission ACHIEVEMENTS: • Joint Verification Missions • Intelligence Fusion Cell [PMG note: graphics not included, please email info@pmg.org.za] ISSUE: JVC DORMANT

  47. III. Addressing the legacy of war Humanitarian Challenge • 4 million+ deaths in 6 years • 380,000 assisted DRC refugees • 1.6 million IDPs: almost ½ children • 1,200 preventable deaths / day; • 1 “tsunami” every 7 months • 40,000/month flee their homes [PMG note: graphics not included, please email info@pmg.org.za]

  48. III. Addressing the legacy of war Humanitarian Challenge • 71% of pop. food insecure, • 8% access clean water • 43% of children no access to • vaccinations; 1 in 5 die < 5 years. • 43% go to school (mostly boys) • 2.6 million+ HIV-infected; • +900,000 expected in 2006 • 168/177 in UNDP Human Development • Index [PMG note: graphics not included, please email info@pmg.org.za] UN Response: ACTION PLAN 2006/7

  49. III. Addressing the legacy of war Humanitarian Challenge • MONUC’s action: • Humanitarian Affairs Section • Protection of civilians • Humanitarian access • Humanitarian personnel and cargo • Facilitation of return and resettlement • Emergency medical transportation [PMG note: graphics not included, please email info@pmg.org.za]

  50. III. Addressing the legacy of war Refugees & IDPs INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS CONGOLESE REFUGEES IN AFRICA [PMG note: graphics & maps not included, please email info@pmg.org.za]

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