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The Bryophytes

The Bryophytes. NON-VASCULAR PLANTS ‘ no plumbing’. TERRESTRIAL Mosses The Bryophytes. AQUATIC Algae Phylum Chlorophyta Phylum Rhodophyta Phylum Phaeophyta. THE BRYOPHYTES (non-vascular plants). PHYLUM HEPATOPHYTA: the liverworts.

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The Bryophytes

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  1. The Bryophytes NON-VASCULAR PLANTS‘no plumbing’ TERRESTRIAL Mosses The Bryophytes AQUATIC Algae Phylum Chlorophyta Phylum Rhodophyta Phylum Phaeophyta

  2. THE BRYOPHYTES (non-vascular plants) PHYLUM HEPATOPHYTA: the liverworts PHYLUM ANTHOCEROPHYTA: the hornworts PHYLUM BRYOPHYTA: the mosses

  3. Characteristics • Were the earliest land plants • Eukaryotic & Multicellular & Autotrophic • Enclose gametes in sex ‘organs’ • Have a Cuticle on plants and spores • Cellulose cell walls • Are small (0.5mm to 60cm), low-lying, moisture-loving plants • Have no roots (just filamentous rhizoids) • Have no vascular tissue (no xylem/phloem)…nutrients diffuse and water osmosis

  4. The Amphibians of the Plant World No conducting tissues (ie: xylem) for moving things around. They depend on diffusion to distribute water and other materials. No supporting tissue: no strong tissue to enable them to resist gravity. Therefore, they are short and grow close to the soil. Still tied to the water – motile gametes (ie: sperm) must swim to reproduce.

  5. Advances in Reproduction? 1. The sporophyte has a stalk with support and conductive tissue. Releases the spores.

  6. 2. They have adapted to air for asexual reproduction Gemma cups

  7. Phylum Hepatophyta Common name: Liverworts Growth habit: Multicellular: thallus Conductive cells: None Asexual reproduction: Gemmae (multicellular propagules) Sexual reproduction: homosporous Recognized by: Sporophytes, archegoniospores, antheridiospores, gemma cups, thallus.

  8. GAMETOPHYTE: THALLUS

  9. Conocephalum conicum

  10. Archegoniophores (girl parts) Antheridiophores (boy parts)

  11. Sporophyte Releases spores

  12. ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION: GEMMA CUPS

  13. Phylum Anthocerophyta Common name: Hornworts Growth habit: Multicellular: thallus Conductive cells: None Asexual reproduction: None Sexual reproduction: Sperm & Egg create a zygote which grows into a Sporophyte Recognized by: horns

  14. SPOROPHYTES

  15. GAMETOPHYTES

  16. Phylum Bryophyta Common name: moss Growth habit: leafy Conductive cells: none Asexual reproduction: none Sexual reproduction: Sperm & Egg create a zygote which grows into a Recognized by: Sporophyte with capsules

  17. EXAMPLES OF BRYOPHYTES GAMETOPHYTES Buckiella undulata Plagiomnium insigne Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus Hylocomium splendens

  18. Dicranum scoparium Polytrichum juniperinum Polytrichastrum alpinum Dicranum tauricum Sphagnum capillifolium

  19. SPOROPHYTES Grimmia pulvinata Claopodium crispifolium Buxbaumia aphylla Andreaea nivalis

  20. Hypnum circinale Funaria hygrometrica Orthotrichum lyellii Sphagnum sp

  21. Peristome teeth

  22. SPHAGNUM • Found in bogs • Make environment acidic (pH 3) • This decreases fungi and bacteria growth = less decay Things can be easily preserved

  23. Tallund man (400 BCE) Yde Girl (54 BCE)

  24. L I N D OW MA N

  25. WHY ELSE IS SPHAGNUM IMPORTANT? Used in horticulture As fuel Surgical dressing in WWI Bedding, diapers and sanitary pads (present day) Sphagnol (Swedish extract: used to treat skin disease and insect bites) Chinese extract: used to treat hemorrhaging and eye disease Paleoclimatology: can study what was growing in the past by looking at spores and pollen

  26. WHY IS MOSS IMPORTANT? Mosses play important roles in reducing erosion along streams Water and nutrient cycling in tropical forests Mosses insulate the arctic permafrost

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