LIGO-India

1. LIGO-India byIndIGO (Indian Initiative in Gravitational-wave Observations) An Indo-US joint mega-project concept proposal Version: TS Jun 9, 2011

2. GEO: 0.6km VIRGO: 3km LIGO-LHO: 2km, 4km TAMA: 0.3km LIGO-LLO: 4km LIGO-Australia? GW Astronomy with Intl. Network of GW Observatories 1. Detection confidence 2. Source direction 3. Polarization info. LIGO-India ?

3. Laser Interferometer GW Observatory 40 kg Fused silica mirrors (USA) Seismic isolation Stacks (GEO, UK) Optics & controls (USA) 4 km: 1.2m diameter high vaccum tubes India Fig from LIGO-AUS report? 180 W (Germany)

4. Era of Advanced LIGO detectors: 2015 If retained get better res picture

5. Gravitational wave Astronomy : • Synergy with other major Astronomy projects: • SKA: Radio : Pulsars timing, • X-ray satellite (AstroSAT) • Gamma ray observatory • Thirty meter telescope: gamma ray follow-up,… Courtesy: B. Schultz, GWIC Roadmap Document 2010

6. INDIGO:the goals • Major experimental science science initiative in GW astronomy • LIGO-India (Letter from LIGO Labs) • Advanced LIGO hardware for 1 detector shipped to India. • India provides suitable site and infrastructure to house the GW observatory • Site, two 4km armlength high vacuum tubes in L config. • Indian cost ~Rs 1000Cr • Earlier plan: Partnership in LIGO-Australia (a diminishing possibility) • Advanced LIGO hardware for 1 detector shipped to Australia at the Gingin site, near Perth. NSF approval • Australia and International partners find funds (equiv to half the detector cost ~$200M) within a year. • Indian partnership at 15% with full data rights. • Consolidated IndIGO membership of LIGO Science Collab. + propose creating a Tier-2 data centre for LSC in IUCAA + IUSSTF IndoUS joint Centre at IUCAA with Caltech (funded) • Provide a common umbrella to initiate and expand GW related experimental activity and training new manpower • 3m prototype detector in TIFR (funded). Unnikrishnan • Laser expt. RRCAT, IIT M, IIT K | High Vaccum & controls at IPR, BARC, ISRO, …. • UG summer internship at Natn. & Intl GW labs & observatories. • Postgrad IndIGO schools, specialized courses,…

7. Multi-Institutional Consortium • IUCAA • TIFR • RRI • RRCAT • IPR • CMI • Delhi University • IISER Kolkata • IISER Trivandrum • IIT Chennai • IIT Kanpur • JamiaMilia

8. The IndIGO Consortium IndIGO Council Bala Iyer ( Chair) RRI, Bangalore Sanjeev Dhurandhar (Science) IUCAA, Pune C. S. Unnikrishnan (Experiment) TIFR, Mumbai Tarun Souradeep (Spokesperson) IUCAA, Pune Data Analysis & Theory Sanjeev Dhurandhar IUCAA Bala Iyer RRI Sukanta Bose, Wash. U., USA B. S. Sathyaprakash Cardiff University, UK Anand Sengupta Delhi University Archana Pai IISER, Trivandrum Sanjit Mitra JPL, Caltech  IUCAA K G Arun Chennai Math. Inst., Chennai P Ajith Caltech , USA Rajesh Nayak IISER, Kolkata A. Gopakumar TIFR, Mumbai Soumya Mohanty UTB, Brownsville , USA Badri Krishnan Max Planck AEI, Germany Tarun Souradeep IUCAA T R Seshadri Delhi University Patrick Dasgupta Delhi University Sanjay Jhingan Jamila Milia, Delhi L. Sriramkumar, Phys., IIT M Bhim P. Sarma Tezpur Univ . Instrumentation & Experiment C. S. Unnikrishnan TIFR, Mumbai Rana Adhikari Caltech, USA Sendhil Raja RRCAT, Indore Anil Prabhakar, EE, IIT M Pradeep Kumar, EE, IIT K Suresh Doravari Caltech, USA Ajai Kumar IPR, Gandhinagar Ranjan Gupta IUCAA, Pune Jiwan Mittal RRCAT, Indore S Shukla RRCAT, Indore Raja Rao ex RRCAT consultant G Rajalakshmi TIFR, Mumbai Biplab Bhawal Independent(Google)

9. IndIGO structure Committees: International Advisory Committee Rana Adhikari (LIGO, Caltech, USA) David Blair (AIGO, UWA, Australia)Adalberto Giazotto (Virgo, Italy)P.D. Gupta (Director, RRCAT, India)James Hough (GEO, GWIC Chair; Glasgow, UK)Kazuaki Kuroda (LCGT, Japan)Harald Lueck (GEO, Germany)Nary Man (Virgo, France)Jay Marx (LIGO, Director, USA)David McClelland (AIGO, ANU, Australia)Jesper Munch (Chair, ACIGA, Australia)B.S. Sathyaprakash (GEO, Cardiff Univ, UK)Bernard F. Schutz (GEO, Director AEI, Germany)Jean-Yves Vinet (Virgo, France)Stan Whitcomb (LIGO, Caltech, USA) National Steering Committee: Kailash Rustagi (IIT, Mumbai) [Chair]Bala Iyer (RRI) [Coordinator]Sanjeev Dhurandhar (IUCAA) [Co-Coordinator]D.D. BhawalkarP.D. Gupta (RRCAT)J.V. Narlikar (IUCAA) Ajit Kembhavi (IUCAA)G. Srinivasan Courtesy: Unnikrishnan

10. LIGO-India:Why is it a good idea?for India • Have a 20 year legacy and wide recognition in the Intl. GW community. (Would not make it to the GWIC report, otherwise!) • AIGO/LIGO/EGO strong interest in fostering Indian community • GWIC invitation to IndIGO join as member (Jul 2011) • Jump start direct participation in GW observations/astronomy • going beyond analysis methodology & theoretical prediction --- to full fledged participation in experiment, data acquisition, analysis and astronomy results. • For once, may be perfect time to a launch into a promising field (GW astronomy) well before it has obviously blossomed. • Provides an exciting challenge at an International forefront of experimental science. Can tap and siphon back the extremely good UG students trained in India. (Sole cause of `brain drain’). • 1st yr summer intern 2010  MIT for PhD • Indian experimental scientist  Postdoc at LIGO training for Adv. LIGO subsystem • Indian experimental expertise related to GW observatories will thrive and attain high levels due to LIGO-India. • Sendhil Raja, RRCAT, Anil Prabhakar, EE, IIT Madras, Pradeep Kumar, EE, IITK Photonics • Vacuum expertise with RRCAT (Shukla) , IPR (Ajai Kumar)

11. LIGO-India:Why is it a good idea?… for the World • Strategic geographical relocation for GW astronomy • sky coverage gain: • distance: • duty cycle: • Potentially large science community in future • Indian demographics: youth dominated – need challenges • excellent UG education system already produces large number of trained in India find frontline research opportunity at home. • Large data analysis trained manpower and facilities exist (and being created.

12. GWIC: Gravitational Wave International Committee Courtesy: B. Schultz: GWIC Roadmap Document

13. Indo-Aus.Meeting, Delhi, Feb 2011

14. LIGO-India: the concept … • LIGO Lab approached with concept proposal for joint mega-project --- strategic geographical relocation of • Advanced LIGO interferometer detector funded and ready to be shipped by US • Indian contribution in infrastructure : • site • vacuum system • Related Controls • Data centre • trained manpower for installation, commissioning and running for 10 years

15. LIGO-India: … the Opportunity • Part of a fundamental scientific discovery : direct detection of gravitational radiation • Part of “historic” launch of a new window of Astronomy • LIGO-India: Southernmost, hence, Unique role in the Intl. GW observatory network. • Full detector at about half the cost is the naïve calculation. • Adv. LIGO detector system is worth 15 years of challenging R &D – price tag? • Indian Labs & Industry

16. LIGO-India: … the opportunity Strategic Geographical relocation - the science gain Sky coverage : Synthesized Network beam (antenna power)

17. LIGO-India: … the opportunity Strategic Geographical relocation - the science gain Sky coverage: ‘reach’ /sensitivity in different directions

18. LIGO-India: … the opportunity Strategic Geographical relocation Source localization error 5-15 degrees to ~degree !!! Ellipses version as in LIGO-Aus proposal ?

19. LIGO-India: … the opportunity Strategic Geographical relocation Polarization info Sky coverage ?

20. LIGO-India: … the opportunity Strategic Geographical relocation Figure? Network: HIJLV  GMRT Bangalore Mean horizon distance: 1.57 1.63 Detection Volume: 12.0 12.0 Volume Filling factor: 73% 66% Triple Detection Rate(80%):  8.62 8.64 Triple Detection Rate(95%):  11.1 11.1 Sky Coverage:  100% 100% Directional Precision:  2.93 3.00

21. LIGO-India: … the opportunity LIGO-India : Technology gain Relative valuation ? • 180 W pre-stablized Nd:YAG laser • Input condition optics, including electro-optic modulators, Faraday isolators, a suspended mode-cleaner (12-m long mode-defining cavity), and suspended mode-matching telescope optics. • five "BSC chamber" seismic isolation systems (two stage, six degree of freedom, active isolation stages capable of ~200 kg payloads) • six "HAM Chamber" seismic isolation systems (one stage, six degree of freedom, active isolation stages capable of ~200 kg payloads) • eleven Hydraulic External Pre-Isolation systems (mount external to chamber for longer range and lower frequency isolation and actuation • 10 interferometer core optics (test masses, folding mirrors, beam splitter, recycling mirrors)

22. LIGO-India: … the opportunity LIGO-India : Technology gain Relative valuation ? * Five quadruple stage large optics suspensions systems * Triple stage suspensions for remaining suspended optics * Baffles and beam dumps for controlling scattering and stray radiation * Optical distortion monitors and thermal control/compensation system for large optics * Photo-detectors, conditioning electronics, actuation electronics and conditioning * Data conditioning and acquisition system, software for data acquisition * Supervisory control and monitoring system, software for all control systems * Installation tooling and fixturing

23. LIGO-India: … the challenges • Organizational • National level mega-project • Identify a lead institution and agency • Project leader • Train manpower for installation & commissioning • Generate & sustain manpower running for 10 years. • Site • short lead time • International competetion • Technical • vacuum system • Related Controls • Data centre

24. LIGO-India: … the challenges Trained Manpower for installation & commissioning Requirements: From LIGO requirements doc Plans & Preliminary exploration: Sendhil doc

25. Indo-US centre for Gravitational Physics and Astronomy APPROVED for funding (Dec 2010) • Centre of Indo-US Science and Technology Forum (IUSSTF) • Exchange program to fund mutual visits and • facilitate interaction. • Nodal centres: IUCAA , India & Caltech, US. • Institutions: • Indian: IUCAA, TIFR, IISER, DU, CMI - PI: Tarun Souradeep • US: Caltech, WSU - PI: Rana Adhikari

26. LIGO-India: … the challenges Generate manpower for sustenance of the Intl. observatory Requirements: • Plans & Preliminary exploration: • Summer internships in Intl labs underway • IndIGO schools • Proposals: • Post graduate school specialization course

27. LIGO-India: … the challenges Large scale ultra-high Vacuum enclosure Requirements: Preliminary exploration:

28. Indian Site LIGO-India: … the challenges Requirements: Low seismicity Low human generated noise Air connectivity, Acad institution, labs, industry • Preliminary exploration: • IISc new campus & adjoining campuses near Chitra Durga • 1hr from Intl airport • low seismicity • National science facilities complex plans

29. LIGO-India: … the challenges Short lead time Requirements: Preliminary exploration:

30. LIGO-India: … the challenges Internation competition Issues: Preliminary assessment:

31. Tier -2 centre with data archival and computational facilities Inter-institutional proposal for facility Propose for a high-throughput Computation and GW Data Archival Centre. Will provide fundamental infrastructure for consolidating GW data analysis expertise in India. The IndIGO data analysis centre Courtesy: Anand Sengupta

32. Objectives of the data centre LIGO Data Grid as a role model for the proposed IndIGO Data Analysis Centre. Courtesy: Anand Sengupta

33. Primary Science: Online Coherent search for GW signal from binary mergers using data from global detector network • Role of IndIGO data centre • Large Tier-2 data/compute centre for archival of g-wave data and analysis • Bring together data-analysts within the Indian gravity wave community. • Puts IndIGO on the global map for international collaboration with LIGO Science Collab. wide facility. Part of LSC participation from IndIGO • 100 Tflops = 8500 cores x 3 GHz/core Need 8500 cores to carry out a half decent coherent search for gravitational waves from compact binaries. (1 Tflop = 250 GHz = 85 cores x 3 GHz / core) • Storage: 4x100TB per year per interferometer. • Network: gigabit backbone, National Knowledge Network. IndIGO Data Centre@IUCAA Indian Initiative in Gravitational-wave Observations Courtesy: Anand Sengupta, IndIGO

34. Future GWDA Plans of IndIGO (as part of LSC) • Project leads: Sanjit Mitra, T. Souradeep, S. Dhurandhar … • Extend GW radiometer work (Mitra,Dhurandhar, TS,…2009) • Implementation of the cross-correlation search for periodic sources (Dhurandhar + collab.) • Burst Sources • Formulation • Implementation Courtesy: S. Dhurandhar

35. Vetoes for non-Gaussian noise for coherent detection of inspirals • Project leads: Anand Sengupta, Archana Pai, M K Harris. • Non-Gaussian noise plagues the detector data • Vetoes have been developed in LSC for removal of non-Gaussian noise in the single detector case • For coincidence search the veto is obvious but for coherent not so. • Developing a veto for coherent is crucial – chi squared • Scope for improving the current chi squared test – Japanese collaboration Courtesy: S. Dhurandhar 8th February Delhi

36. Tests of General Relativity using GW observations Project leads:   K G Arun, Rajesh Nayak and Chandra Kant Mishra, Bala Iyer • GWs are unique probes of strong field gravity. Their direct detection would enable very precise tests of GR in the dynamical and strong field regime. • Preparing data analysis algorithms for AdvLIGO in order to test GR and its alternatives is one of the important and immediate goals of LSC. • Plan to take part in the activity to develop parameter estimation tools based on Bayesian methods. • Possible collaboration with B S Sathyaprakash (Cardiff University) & P Ajith (Caltech). Courtesy: S. Dhurandhar

37. Summary (& next steps?)

38. THE END

39. Need for a IndIGO data centre • Large Tier-2 data/compute centre for archival of g-wave data and analysis • Bring together data-analysts within the Indian gravity wave community. • Puts IndIGO in the global map for international collaboration • LSC wide facility would be useful for LSC participation • Functions of the IndIGO data centre • Data archival: Tier-2 data centre for archival of LIGO data. This would include data from LIGO-Australia. LIGO Data-Grid Tools for replication. • Provide Computation Power: Pitch for about 8000 cores • Compare with AEI (~5000 cores), LIGO-Caltech (~1400 cores), Syracuse cluster (~2500 cores). • Main considerations for data centre design • Network: gigabit backbone, National Knowledge Network. Indian grid! • Dedicated storage network: SAN, disk space • Electrical power, cooling, Air-Conditioning: requirements and design • Layout of rack, cabling • Hardware (blades, GPUs etc.), middleware (Condor, Globus), software (Data Monitoring Tools, LALApps, Matlab) IndIGO Data Centre@IUCAA Courtesy: Anand Sengupta

40. 100 Tflops = 8500 cores x 3 GHz/core Need 8500 cores to carry out a half decent coherent search for gravitational waves from compact binaries. (1 Tflop = 250 GHz = 85 cores x 3 GHz / core) • Storage: 4x100TB per year per interferometer. • Cost ~ 25 crores (Comp. hardware alone) • 3/4 crores startup - to facilitate the close Intl. interactions required with existing LSC data centres & labs . Large scale LD analysis tools training required. Summer internships, meetings/conference/schools,… • As part of planned HPC data centre at IUCAA ? Summary: data centre requirements Courtesy: Anand Sengupta

41. LIGO-Australia: Idea and Opportunity • The NSF approved grand decision to locate one of the planned LIGO-USA interferometer detector at Gingin site, W. Australia to maximize science benefits like baseline, pointing, duty cycle, technology development and international collaboration. • The proposal from Australian consortium envisages IndIGO as one of the partners to realize this amazing opportunity. • - Indian contribution in hardware (end station vacuum system, and controls), Data centre, manpower for installation and commissioning.

42. Indo-Aus.Meeting, Delhi, Feb 2011