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Oromia Region: Environmental and livestock characteristics

Oromia Region: Environmental and livestock characteristics. Ed Rege, ILRI 25 February 2003. Introduction. Total area = 366,000 Sq. Km ; 32% of the country Geographical diversity: Land elevation from 500 to 4300 m asl Human population = 19 Million ; 90% in the rural areas

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Oromia Region: Environmental and livestock characteristics

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  1. Oromia Region: Environmental and livestock characteristics Ed Rege, ILRI 25 February 2003

  2. Introduction • Total area = 366,000 Sq. Km; 32% of the country • Geographical diversity: Land elevation from 500 to 4300m asl • Human population = 19 Million; 90% in the rural areas • Richest in livestock resources

  3. Zones of Oromia Region East Hararge East Wellega West Shoa North Shoa East Shoa West Wellega West Hararge Illubabor Arsi Jimma Bale Borana

  4. Main characteristics Environmental characteristics • Agro-ecological Zone • Production system Livestock characteristics • Livestock density • Types of species • Prevalence of diseases

  5. Agro-ecological zone • Dega – Highland (2300-3200m asl) • Weina Dega – Midland (1500-2300m asl) • Kolla – Lowland (500-1500m asl)

  6. Agro-ecological zone (cont.) Agro-ecological zones Kolla (Lowland) Weina Dega (Midland) Dega (Highland) Source: Ethiopian Mapping Agency and Ministry of Agriculture 2000

  7. Agro-ecological zone (cont.) Kolla (Lowland) Weina Dega (Midland) Dega (Highland) Percentages of selected households by agro-ecological zone

  8. Livestock density • Low – 1 to 50 animals/km2 • Medium – 51 to 100 animals/km2 • High – 101 to 200 animals/km2 • Very high – > 200 animals/km2

  9. Livestock density (cont.) Livestock density(no/km²) Low = 1-50 Medium = 51-100 High = 101-200 Very high = >200

  10. Livestock density (cont.) Low = 1-50 animals/km2 Medium = 51-100 ‘’ High = 101-200 ‘’ Very high = >200 ‘’ Percentages of selected households by livestock density

  11. Livestock density agro-ecological zone by Dega Weina Dega Kolla Livestock density Very High Medium Low High

  12. Productionsystem • Crop-livestock systems • Agro-Pastoralists systems • Pastoralists systems

  13. Production system (cont.) Crop- livestock systems Agro-pastoralist Pastoralist

  14. Production system No. of Crop-livestock Zone households system Agro-pastoralist Pastoralist Borana 199 41 30 29 Bale 158 91 7 2 Arsi 150 98 2 - East Shoa 170 73 27 - West Hararge 139 89 11 - East Hararge 140 81 11 7 North Shoa 120 100 - - West Shoa 200 98 2 - East Wollega 130 99 1 - Jimma 140 100 - - Illubabor 129 100 - - West Wollega 199 11 < 1 - Production system by zone Percentages of selected households by Zone and agro-ecological zone

  15. Production system by agro-ecological zone

  16. Livestock species % Percentages of households owning species of livestock

  17. Percentages of households owning species of livestock by agro-ecological zone Agro - ecological Zone (%) Species Dega Weina Dega Kolla Overall No. of households 1134 2493 1679 5306 Cattle 98 94 94 95 Sheep 77 57 53 60 Chi ckens 59 63 49 58 Goats 49 51 69 57 Donkeys 46 46 51 48 Horses 65 17 3 23 Mules 9 9 6 8 Camels < 1 < 1 16 5 Pigs < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 Livestock species by agro-ecological zone

  18. Percentages of households owning species of livestock by production system Livestock species by production system

  19. Weina Dega Kolla Prevalence of diseases of cattleby agro-ecological zone 60 50 40 % 30 20 10 0 FMD Bloat CBPP Tryps Anthrax Mastitis Blackleg Skin diseases Lung diseases Other diseases Pasteurollosis Internal parasites Dega

  20. Medium High Very high Prevalence of diseases of cattleby livestock density 60 50 40 % 30 20 10 0 FMD Bloat Tryps CBPP Anthrax Mastitis Blackleg Skin diseases Lung diseases Pasteurollosis Other diseases Internal parasites Low

  21. Prevalence of diseases of cattleby Zone Percentages of households reporting prevalences of diseases by Zone

  22. Conclusions • In general livestock density is higher in highland areas than in midland and lowland areas • Crop-livestock systems are the predominant production system in the Region • Agro-pastoralist and pastoralist are more often found in lowland areas • Nearly all the selected households kept cattle • Most species are found in all agro-ecological zones. Camels are predominantly found in lowland areas and horses in highland areas

  23. Conclusions (cont.) • Cattle, sheep and donkeys occur in all production systems. Goats and camels tend to occur more often in pastoralist systems, and horses in crop-livestock systems • Blackleg was reported to be the most prevalent disease, followed by anthrax. Trypanosomosis was more prevalent in lowland areas. Prevalence of mastitis increased with livestock density

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