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THE MONTESSORI METHOD

THE MONTESSORI METHOD. Who is Maria Montessori?. She was born on 31 August 1870 at Chiaraville , Italy. She was the first Italian female to study in medicine at the University of Rome. Her first practical study in medicine was about nervous disorders.

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THE MONTESSORI METHOD

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  1. THE MONTESSORI METHOD

  2. Who is Maria Montessori? • She was born on 31 August 1870 at Chiaraville, Italy. • She was the first Italian female to study in medicine at the University of Rome. • Her first practical study in medicine was about nervous disorders. • She was graduated from Rome University with Doctor of Medicine and Doctor of surgery degrees. • She supported that the key of solving mental deficiency problems is pedagogical approach rather than medical approach. (O’donnell, 2007,pp.2,3)

  3. As a physician educator, she developed a education method. She emphasized the method of a system of materials and exercises to be utilized by the child in designated ways for specific purposes. (Orem, 1971, pp.17)

  4. Children in the Montessori Method • Children are not capable of but motivated toward self-development ( auto-formation) and self-teaching (auto-education). • Children should have freedom to work on self-chosen tasks in attractive environment especially designed and equipped to meet their needs. (Orem, 1971, pp.17)

  5. Teacher in the Montessori Method • Teacher or directress should provide an attractive and responsive environment • Directress should protect the learning process. • Directress should be observer of the child readiness to assist indirectly the child’s perceptual-motor, emotional, intellectual and social development if it is needed. • Also teacher should be the resource person, the role model, the demonstrator, and the recordkeeper. (Orem, 1971, pp.17)

  6. Main Points of the Montessori Method • Training in observation for perceptual, then conceptual proficiency • Programmed preparation, practice, precision, and perfection • Self processes and individuality • Movement, activity, and work • Freedom and spontaneity • Prepared environment • Sensitive periods • Rhythm-balance-order • Discovery and development • The child as Man-to-be • New teacher as exemplar • To know, love, and serve (Orem, 1971, pp.18-20)

  7. The Montessori Curriculum • It focuses on mastery of one’s self and environment • Because of being discovery curriculum, its classes are “living laboratory”. (Orem, 1971, pp.62)

  8. Topics for a Model Montessori Curriculum • Care of self and environment • Development of sensory skills (Exploration of five senses, field trips, play) • Reading, phonetics and sight recognation • Writing (manuscript, cursive, design) • Dictation • English (pronuncation, enunciation, conversation, vocabulary) • Foreign languages (pronuncation, enunciation, conversation, poems, songs, dialogue) • Drama ( elocution, roleplaying, performance)

  9. Music (singing, rhythm instruments, bells) • Art (handwork, freehand drawing, poster paints, appreciation) • Dancing (folk, blance exercises, gymnastics) • Mathematics (geometry and four operations) • Science (anatomy, naturation, hygiene, botany, zoology, ecology) • Social studies (geography, culture) • Socialization (self&group inreactions – home&school interactions) (Orem, 1971, pp.67-69)

  10. Environment in Montessori Method • Freedom is essential because children can showhimself in only an atmosfere of freedom. • Structureandorderof universemust be reflected in theclassroomtobuildchildren’sownmentalorderandintelligence. • Children can internalizethelimits of natureandrealityif he is to be freedfrom his fantasiesandillusions. • Beautyand an atmosphereencourages a positiveandspontaneousresponseto life. • Equipmentis publicizedand it supportschild’s self-constructionandpsychicdevelopment.

  11. Materials in Montessori Method • Didactic • Control of error • One concept at a time • No multiple sets of materials (Lillard, 1972, pp.51- 60)

  12. Sensorial Materials The Towers http://www.sihirlibahce.com.tr/TR/BelgeGoster.aspx?F6E10F8892433CFFAAF6AA849816B2EFFAD0F3EC46DDE116

  13. Colour tablets Fabric Basket http://www.sihirlibahce.com.tr/TR/BelgeGoster.aspx?F6E10F8892433CFFAAF6AA849816B2EFFAD0F3EC46DDE116

  14. Math Materials Sand Paper Numbers Number rods http://www.sihirlibahce.com.tr/TR/BelgeGoster.aspx?F6E10F8892433CFFAAF6AA849816B2EFFAD0F3EC46DDE116

  15. Number Progression Addition Operation http://www.sihirlibahce.com.tr/TR/BelgeGoster.aspx?F6E10F8892433CFFAAF6AA849816B2EFFAD0F3EC46DDE116

  16. Practical Materials Sewing Sweeping the floor http://www.sihirlibahce.com.tr/TR/BelgeGoster.aspx?F6E10F8892433CFFAAF6AA849816B2EFFAD0F3EC46DDE116

  17. Washing dishes Pouring rice http://www.sihirlibahce.com.tr/TR/BelgeGoster.aspx?F6E10F8892433CFFAAF6AA849816B2EFFAD0F3EC46DDE116

  18. Reading & Writing Materials The Movable Alphabet Pictures and Sounds http://www.sihirlibahce.com.tr/TR/BelgeGoster.aspx?F6E10F8892433CFFAAF6AA849816B2EFFAD0F3EC46DDE116

  19. Science and Social Materials Anatomy Geography http://www.sihirlibahce.com.tr/TR/BelgeGoster.aspx?F6E10F8892433CFFAAF6AA849816B2EFFAD0F3EC46DDE116

  20. Education in Montessori Method It based on “say-show-check” principle. Say Describing, telling&instructing Show Modeling, demonstrating Check Feedback (MacNaughton & Williams, 2004) TASK ANALYSIS

  21. Describing and Telling & Instructing:teacher tells the child the proper way to use the materials and the work. Modeling:teacher is a kind of “didactic object” children imitate all teacher’s language, mimics, gestures and behaviors. Demonstrating:teacher shows the specific way of usage of materials. Feedback:if the child applies the task incorrectly, teacher starts say-show-check process again.

  22. Task Analysis • Identify the task • Identify the sub-steps • Sequence the key steps in logical way • According to developmental appropriateness, minimize the difficulty • Completing task • Check what is done • Present the steps through direct instruction • Teach one step at a time until successfully mastered • Extra guidance if there is a difficulty • Restructure the task ** it includes all parts of “say-show-check” process

  23. Activity Time 

  24. References Hainstock, Elizabeth G. (1968). Teaching Montessori In The Home: The Pre-School Years. New York, United States of America: Random House. Montessori, Maria (1964). The Montessori Method. New York, United States of America: Schocken Books. O'donnell, Marion (2007). Continuum Library oOf Educational Thought. Kings Lynn, Norfolk: Continuum International Publishing Group. Orem, Raginald, C. (1971). Montessori Today. Newyork, United States of America: Capricon Books. Sihirli Bahçe, (2009,May 24). Montessori galerisinden. Retrieved May 24, 2009, from Sihirli bahçe MontessoriOkulu Websitesi:http://www.sihirlibahce.com.tr/TR/BelgeGoster px?F6E10F8892 433CFFAAF6AA849816B2EFFAD0F3EC46DDE116

  25. Preparation Workload Esin Karaer %20 Kader Karadeniz %20 Nihal Yigitalp %20 Nurten Dolapci %20 Yasemin Harmancı %20

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