1 / 27

The pelvis and perineum

The pelvis and perineum. Introduction pelvis — bony pelvis pelvic walls pelvic diaphragm pelvic organs blood vessels and nerves. The bony pelvis: --- hip bones, --- sacrum --- coccyx

wilona
Download Presentation

The pelvis and perineum

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The pelvis and perineum

  2. Introduction • pelvis — bony pelvis • pelvic walls • pelvic diaphragm • pelvic organs • blood vessels and nerves

  3. The bony pelvis: • --- hip bones, • --- sacrum • --- coccyx • --- their connections • (joints, ligaments • and pubic symphysis)

  4. divisions: • --- greater pelvis • --- lesser pelvis • oblique plane: Promontory of sacrum Arcuate line Pecten pubis Pubic tubercle Pubic crest Superior border of pubic symphysis

  5. The pelvic walls: • Post.--- sacrum, coccyx • piriformis • Ant.--- pubes, pubic symphysis • Lat.--- ilium, • body of the pubis, ischium • ligaments • obturator internus

  6. The floor of pelvis: • --- pelvic diaphragm • levator ani • coccygenus • deep fasciae --- urogenital diaphragm • muscles • deep fasciae

  7. The pelvic organs • ---The urinary bladder • ---The rectum • ---The pelvic part of ureter • ---The prostate • ---The pelvic part of ductus deferens • ---The seminal vesicle • ---The ejaculatory duct • ---The uterus • ---The ovaries • ---The uterine tubes • --- The vagina

  8. Ⅱ.The urinary bladder 1. Position, shape and relatons It rests against pubis. When it empty, is pyramid has a apex, body and fundus.

  9. 2. The interior of the bladder • urinary trigone— • ureteric orifices and • internal urethral • orifice position boundaries clinical notes to be susceptical to tuberlosis and tumor.

  10. ---The rectum: 1. Position and relations

  11. 2. The shape of the rectum --- 12~16cm in length --- 2 parts: pelvic part (ampulla of rectum) anal canal --- 2 curves in sagittal plane: sacral flexure perineal flexure --- 3 curves in coronal plane:

  12. 3. The internal features of the rectum • --- 3 transverse folds • --- 6~10 anal columns • --- anal valves • --- anal sinuses • --- dentate line • ectoderm and entoderm • there are differents in • epithelial lining, blood and • nerve supply and • lymphatic drainage • --- anal pecten

  13. 4.The blood vessels , lymphatic drainage and nerves --- Arteries: superior rectal a. inferior rectal a. anal a. --- veins: internal rectal venous plexus external rectal venous plexus

  14. --- lymphatic drainage: • inferior mesenteric lymph nodes • internal iliac lymph nodes • superficial inguinal lymph nodes

  15. --- The uterus: • Position : • between the urinary bladder and rectum • Anteflection: • bent forward between the body • and neck • Anteversion: • bent forward between the uterus • and vagina

  16. 2. relations: ant.--- ant. Abdominal wall, urinary bladder, intestine post.--- rectouterine pouch, rectum inf.--- vagina lat.--- uterine tube, ovary, broad lig., blood vessels sup.--- intestine

  17. 3. The shape: • pear-shaped • anterior and posterior surfaces • lateral borders • fundus, • body • neck: supravaginal part • vaginal part • isthmus

  18. 4. The ligaments: • broad lig. of uterus: • mesometrium • mesosalpinx • mesovarium suspensory lig. of ovary • cardinal lig. of uterus • round ligament of uterus • uterosacral lig.

  19. 5. Blood vessels: • The uterine artery---from the internal iliac a. • crosses above (or in front of) the ureter lateral to the • neck of uterus about 2cm

  20. 6. The lymphatic drainage: • Fundus and upper part --- lumbar lymph nodes • along the round lig. --- • superficial inguinal lymph • nodes • lower part and neck--- • internal and external iliac • lymph nodes • 7. The nerves

  21. Introduction • The Perineum — • boundaries • divisions • anal region • urogenital regions in male and female

  22. boundaries: • --- same boundaries as the outlet of pelvis: • inferior border of the pubic symphysis, • inferior rami of the pubes, • the rami of ischia • ischial tuberosities • sacrotuberous ligaments

  23. 2. divisions: --- anal region: anal canal --- urogenital region: urethra (male) urethra, vagina (female)

  24. 3. Pelvic diaphragm: --- levator ani --- coccygeus --- superior fascia of pelvic diaphragm --- inferior fascia of pelvic diaphragm

  25. The ischioanal fossa (ischiorectal fossa): • med.--- levator ani, sphincter ani externus, inferior fascia of pelvic • diaphragm • lat.--- ischial tuberosity, sacrotuberous lig., and the fascia of • obturator internus

More Related