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“Advance Regional Training Workshop on Larval Identification and Early Life History Science”

“Advance Regional Training Workshop on Larval Identification and Early Life History Science” (May 26 – June 15, 2008). FAMILY SCOMBRIDAE. By: Rhoda S. Servidad. Tribe Sardini Vertebrae Count Cybiosarda 47-48 Gymnosarda 38 Sarda 44-46 Tribe Scomberomorini Acanthocybium 62-64

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“Advance Regional Training Workshop on Larval Identification and Early Life History Science”

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  1. “Advance Regional Training Workshop on Larval Identification and Early Life History Science” (May 26 – June 15, 2008) FAMILY SCOMBRIDAE By: Rhoda S. Servidad

  2. Tribe Sardini Vertebrae Count • Cybiosarda 47-48 • Gymnosarda 38 • Sarda 44-46 Tribe Scomberomorini • Acanthocybium 62-64 • Grammatorcynus 31 • Scomberomorus 41-56 Tribe Scombrini • Rastrelliger 31 • Scomber 31 Tribe Thunnini • Auxis 39 • Euthynnus 39 • Katsuwonus 41 • Thunnus 39 Family: Scombridae Subfamily: Scombrinae Tribe: Sardini (Bonitos) Scombrini (mackerels) Scomberomorini (Spanish Mackerels) Thunnini (Tunas)

  3. Family: Scombridae Subfamily:Scombrinae(Thunnini) Species Name: Thunnus alalunga Sampling Position:Eastern Philippine Sampling Gear:Ring net (60 cm dia, 330 micron mesh size) Stage: Flexion Measurements: BL 8.8 mm HL 2.4 mm ED 0.9 mm SnL 1.1 mm PAL 1.3 mm BD 1.8 mm Counts: D: V,12 A: 8 P1: 30 P2: cannot be seen C: 9+8=17 Myomeres: 38-39 counts Thunnus alalunga

  4. Pigmentation: > Pigment on the tip of upper snout > gut pigmented extended up to internal opercular portion > 1st dorsal fins heavily pigmented; and > midbrain pigments present Head Spination: > Preopercular spines well develop > 1st dorsal fins spinous (5-6 spines)

  5. Family: Scombridae Subfamily: Scombrinae(Thunnini) Species Name:Thunnus obesus Sampling Location: Eastern Philippines Sampling Gear: Ring net (60 cm diameter;330 microns mesh size) Stage: Flexion Measurements: BL 5.7 mm HL 2.1 mm ED .8 mm SnL .9 mm PAL 3.1 mm BD 1.4 mm Thunnus obesus

  6. Pigmentation: • Midbrain pigments present • 1st dorsal fins heavily pigmented • pigments on the tip of upper & lower snout • pigment spot on ventral edge • gut surface pigmented Counts: D= VI, 14 P1= 30 C= 9+8=17 A= 14 P2= cannot be seen Myomeres: 39 counts • Head Spination: • Preopercular spines well developed • 1st dorsal fins spinous (5 spines)

  7. Family: Scombridae SubFamily: Scombrinae (Thunnini) Species:Thunnus albacares Sampling Location: Similan Island Andaman Sea Sampling Gear: MIK(2m dia.1 mm mesh size) Stage: Flexion Thunnus albacares Measurements: BL 5.5 mm HL 2.4 mm ED .9 mm SnL 1.1 mm PAL 3.6 mm BD 1.9 mm

  8. Pigmentation: • Midbrain pigment present • tip of 1st dorsal fins heavily pigmented • tip of upper and lower snout pigmented • gut pigmented Head Spination: • Preopercular spines well developed • 1st dorsal fins spinous (6 spines) Counts: D= VI, 14 P1= 30 C= 9+8=17 A= 13 P2=cannot be seen Myomeres: 39 counts

  9. Family: Scombridae SubFamily: Scombrinae(Thunnini) Species : Katsuwonus pelamis Sampling Location: Eastern Phils. Sampling Gear: Ring Net (60 cm dia. 330 microns mesh size) Stage: Flexion Measurements: BL 5.8 mm HL 2.5 mm ED .8 mm SnL 1.1 mm PAL 3.5 mm BD 2 mm Katsuwonus pelamis

  10. Counts: D= VI, 14 P1= 26 C= 9+8=17 A= 12-14 P2= 1,5 Katsuwonus pelamis • Pigmentation: • Forebrain pigment and midbrain pigments present • pigments on the tip of upper and lower snout • dorsal portion of gut pigmented • conspicuous pigment spot in the ventral edge Head Spination: • Preopercular spines present • 1st dorsal spines not well developed (6 spines)

  11. Family: Scombridae SubFamily: Scombrinae (Thunnini) Species: Auxis spp. Sampling Location: Andaman Sea Sampling Gear: Bongo Net Stage: Flexion Measurements: BL 6.7 mm HL 2.8 mm ED .8 mm SnL 1.1 mm PAL 4.4 mm BD 2.5 mm Auxis spp. Counts: D= VI, 11-12 P1= 24 C= 9+8=17 A= 11-13 P2= I, 5 Myomeres: 39 counts

  12. Auxis spp. Pigmentation: > midbrain pigments present > pigment spot present on isthmus and just in front of anus > pigments on tail towards caudal peduncle Other Features: > distinct gap bet. 1st and 2nd dorsal fins; body moderately elongate becoming w/development; head bigger blunt profile; relatively short jaws; gut compact and triangular shape Head Spination: > preopercular spines well developed > 1st dorsal fins (4 spines)

  13. Family: Scombridae SubFamily: Scombrinae(Thunnini) Species:Euthynnus spp. Sampling Location: Andaman Sea Sampling Gear: Bongo Net Stage: Flexion Measurements: BL 5.5 mm HL 2.3 mm ED .7 mm SnL 1 mm PAL 3.3 mm BD 1.6 mm Counts: D= V,12 P1= 26 C= 16-17 A= 12-14 Myomeres: 39 counts Euthynnus spp.

  14. Pigmentation: • Forebrain pigments and midbrain present • pigment spots on underside of lower jaw • pigment spot present on isthmus Head Spination: • Preopercular spines present • 1st dorsal fins spinous • Other Features: • body moderately stubby • large head • pointed snout and jaws • gape reaching beyond midpoint of eye • gut compact and triangular

  15. Family: Scombridae(Scomberomorini) Subfamily:Scombrinae Species Name:Acanthocybium solandri Sampling Position:Eastern Philippine Sampling Gear: Ring net (60 cm dia, 330 micron mesh size) Stage: Flexion Measurements: BL 7 mm HL 3.8 mm ED 0.6 mm SnL 2.4 mm PAL 6.9 mm BD 1.3 mm Counts: D: not well developed C: 9+8 A: 17 P1: 23 P2: not yet developed Myomeres: 62 – 64counts Acanthocybium solandri

  16. Pigmentation: • Scattered spots on upper portion of the snout; and pigments present on the tip of lower jaw • distinct spots on upper surface of the gut • 2nd dorsal and anal fin base have strong pigments patches directly opposite one other Head Spination: • Preopercular spines moderately developed • Other Features: • Body elongate through development • Large head • Upper jaw longer than lower jaw • Gut not as compact and triangular as in other Scombrid larvae

  17. Family: Scombridae Subfamily:Scombrinae (Scomberomorini) Species Name:Scomberomorus spp. Sampling Position:West Kalimantan, Indonesia Sampling Gear: Bongo net Stage: Flexion Measurements: BL 5.8 mm HL 2.6 mm ED 0.6 mm SnL 1.3 mm PAL 2.9 mm BD 1.2 mm Counts: D: Not yet developed A: not well developed P1: Cannot be seen P2: not yet developed C: 9+8=17 Myomeres: 41-42 Scomberomorus spp. • Pigmentation: • > Midbrain pigments distinct • forebrain pigment present • tip of upper and lower snout pigmented • conspicuous black pigment on the isthmus, and pigments on the caudal fins. • Head Spination: • > Supraoccipital crest pointed and distinct • > Preopercular spines well developed

  18. Family: Scombridae (Scombrini) Subfamily:Scombrinae Species Name:Rastrelliger spp. Sampling Position:West Kalimantan, Indonesia Sampling Gear: Bongo net Stage: Flexion Measurements: BL 6.2 mm HL 2.2 mm ED 0.9 mm SnL 1.1 mm PAL 4.3 mm BD 2.4 mm Counts: D: 12 A:12-13 counts P1: 19 P2: cannot be seen C: 9+8=17 Myomeres: 13+18 = 31 Rastrelliger spp.

  19. Pigmentation: > Pigments on the head portion, > pigment spots present on the fin bases of dorsal and ventral edge of the body, > pigment spot on the midline of caudal peduncle and pigments on the preopercular area. > pigments on the upper portion of the gut Other Features: > head and mouth relatively small; rounded head; snout blunt; 2nd dorsal fins develops before 1st dorsal fins Head Spination: Absent

  20. Family: Scombridae Subfamily:Scombrinae(Sardini) Species Name:Sarda spp. Sampling Position:West Kalimantan, Indonesia Sampling Gear: Bongo net Stage: PreFlexion Measurements: BL 4.3 mm HL 2.5 mm ED 0.6 mm SnL 1.4 mm PAL 2.6 mm BD 1.4 mm Counts: D: not well developed A: not well developed P1: cannot be seen P2: not yet developed C: not well developed Myomeres: 40-44counts Sarda spp. Pigmentation: Midbrain pigments present, pigment on the tip of upper and lower jaws, forebrain pigment present, conspicuous spot pigment on isthmus and just anterior to anus, 9-10 melanophores on ventral edge of tail Head Spination: >Preopercular spines present >Supraoccipital spine weakly developed > Supraorbital spines not yet developed

  21. Family Mugilidae

  22. INTRODUCTION • Mugilidae – belonged to Order Mugiliformes • moderate size, cylindrical, silvery fishes that occupy a variety of marine and estuarine habitats. • feed on detrital and plant material and commonly in school • many species are commercially important • 10 Indo-Pacific genera consist of about 30 species • Spawning Mode- eggs pelagic and spherical • Development at hatching – pigments change during yolk absorption and varies among species • larvae are characterized by virtual lack of head spination; a broad head; heavy pigment; a coiled but robust, underslung, relatively long gut; separate dorsal fins with 4 spines in the anterior fin; posterior placement of the pelvic fin and spinous dorsal fin and 24-25 myomeres. • Similar families – could be confused with some callionymids; toxotids and leptobramids whereas postflexion mugilid larvae resemble mullids and exocoetids.

  23. Family: Mugilidae Stage: Post flexion Measurements: BL: 4.5 mm HL: 1.6 mm ED: 0.6 mm SnL: 0.5 mm PAL: 3.3 mm BD: 1.2 mm Counts: D – 1st Dorsal fins – absent 2nd Dorsal fins – 10 – 11 rays P1 – not well developed C – 8+7=15 A – 8 – 10 counts P2 – cannot be seen Myomeres: 24 counts Pigmentation: > heavily pigmented over the entire head and body > melanophores present along lateral midlines of the trunk & along ventral midline of the tail > pigments present on the dorsal surface of the gut & brain and on the tip of the snout Head Spination: Absent

  24. Thank You...!

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