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Criminal Law

BUSINESS LAW TODAY Essentials 9 th Ed. Roger LeRoy Miller - Institute for University Studies, Arlington, Texas Gaylord A. Jentz - University of Texas at Austin, Emeritus. Chapter 6. Criminal Law. Learning Objectives.

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Criminal Law

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  1. BUSINESS LAW TODAYEssentials 9th Ed.Roger LeRoy Miller - Institute for University Studies, Arlington, TexasGaylord A. Jentz - University of Texas at Austin, Emeritus Chapter 6 Criminal Law

  2. Learning Objectives • What two elements must exist before a person can be convicted of a crime? Can a corporation commit crimes? • What are five broad categories of crimes? What is white collar crime? • What defenses might be raised by criminal defendants to avoid liability for criminal acts? • What constitutional safeguards exist to protect persons accused of a crime? • What are the basic steps in the criminal process?

  3. Civil Law and Criminal Law

  4. Key Differences between Civil Law and Criminal Law

  5. Civil and Criminal Liability for Same Act

  6. Criminal Liability • A person’s wrongful act may hold him liable (or guilty) in civil actions (tort) and criminal actions. • State must show beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant: • Performed an criminal act (actus reus) AND • While performing the act, had the required intent or specific state of mind (mens rea). • Without the required intent there can be no conviction.

  7. Corporate Criminal Liability • Liability of the Corporate Entity. • Crimes must occur within scope of employment. • Corporations can be held criminally liable when they FAIL to fulfill certain statutory duties. • Criminal liability of corporate officers and directors under the “Responsible Officer” doctrine: • Employees under their control and supervision. • Do not have to participate in, or direct, or know about criminal violation.

  8. Types of Crimes • Violent Crime. • Crimes against persons (murder, rape). • Robbery is a violent crime. • Property Crime: most common, involves money or property: • Burglary. • Larceny. • Obtaining Goods by False Pretenses. • Receiving Stolen Goods. • Arson. • Forgery.

  9. Types of Crimes • Public Order Crime. • White Collar Crime: non-violent crimes involving a business transaction. • Embezzlement. • Mail and Wire Fraud. • Bribery. • Theft of Trade Secrets. • Insider Trading.

  10. Types of Crimes • Organized Crime. • Money laundering. • Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO). • Criminal Provisions (includes 26 different types of felonies with fines up to $25,000 and 20 years in prison for each offense). • Civil Penalties include forfeiture, and treble damages.

  11. Classification of Crimes • Felonies: serious crimes punishable by death or by imprisonment over one (1) year. • Misdemeanors: less serious crimes punishable by fine or by confinement up to one (1) year.

  12. Defenses to Criminal Liability Justifiable Use of Force. Duress. Necessity. Entrapment. Insanity. Statute of Limitations. Mistake. Immunity.

  13. Fourth Amendment Protections • Search Warrants: • Officer must have Probable Cause. • Exceptions to Warrant. • Search and Seizure in Businesses. • Warrant required in some cases. • No warrant required for contaminated food or highly regulated liquor or gun businesses. • CASE 6.1U.S. v. Moon (2008).State officials can seize business records without a warrant if owner agrees to search.

  14. Fifth Amendment Protections • Due Process of Law. • Opportunity to Object. • Hearing before a neutral Magistrate. • Double Jeopardy. • Person cannot be retried for the same offense in the same court. • Civil action, however, is permitted. • Self-Incrimination. • “Right to Remain Silent” or not testify against yourself

  15. Six and Eighth Amendments • Right to Speedy Trial. • Right to Jury Trial. • Right to Public Trial. • Right to Confront Witnesses. • Right to Counsel. • Prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment.

  16. Exclusionary Rule and the Miranda Rule • Evidence obtained in violation of constitutional procedures must be excluded. • Evidence derived from illegal evidence is “fruit of the poisonous tree.” • Deters police from misconduct. • CASE 6.2Herring v. United States (2009). Evidence obtained during a search incident to a ‘mistaken’ arrest is admissible.

  17. Exclusionary Rule and the Miranda Rule • Miranda v. Arizona (1966). • Inform suspect of his rights. • Exceptions: • Public Safety • Coercion. • Illegally obtained evidence.

  18. Criminal Process Arrest Booking Initial Appear Grand Jury/Prelim. Hearing Arraign-ment ChargesFiled (Indictment or Information) Plea Bargain • Sentencing Guidelines: 2005 Supreme Court changed the guidelines from mandatory to advisory. 2009: Court held sentencing judge cannot presume that a sentence within guidelines is reasonable. Trial Guilty Plea

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