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More Energy For Ningbo

More Energy For Ningbo. More Energy For Ningbo. To ensure that the growth in manufacturing in and around Ningbo continues to be successful more energy is needed. The choice of energy source is very important, it most be as sustainable as possible and meet the needs of manufacturing. .

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More Energy For Ningbo

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  1. More Energy For Ningbo

  2. More Energy For Ningbo • To ensure that the growth in manufacturing in and around Ningbo continues to be successful more energy is needed. • The choice of energy source is very important, it most be as sustainable as possible and meet the needs of manufacturing.

  3. What are the choices? • The choices are • Coal Fired Power Stations • Nuclear Power Stations • Wind Energy • Hydro electric energy • Which of these can meet the cities needs whilst being sustainable ?

  4. What are the choices? • The obvious choices while considering sustainability would be Wind Energy or Hydroelectric • Wind Energy • Wind Energy is a highly sustainable method of producing energy from a renewable source which is infinite. But wind energy needs lots of space and regular high winds to be efficient.

  5. Wind Energy North Hoyle in Wales, western Britain, Xinjiang, China

  6. Wind Energy • There is not much suitable land around Ningbo, but we could put the wind turbines in the sea near Ningbo. • The problem with this is the City of Ningbo is one of the largest ports in the world and the sea around Ningbo is very busy with ships coming in and out 24hrs a day. Putting a large wind farm in the sea might lead to an accident which could shut the port.

  7. Wind Energy • Another problem with wind it does not blow all the time typically wind energy only supplies energy for 30% of the time when on land and 50%of the time when offshore. • Therefore wind energy needs to be part of an integrated scheme with other sources of electrical generation which supply the base load, so when the wind does not blow we still have electricity

  8. Hydro Electric Energy • Ningbo already has a large number of hydroelectric schemes that surround the city. • Nearly all the available areas for development of hydroelectric have been used. • Therefore there is no scope to develop this further.

  9. Nuclear Energy • Nuclear Energy can be considered a sustainable energy in some cases. • But Nuclear Energy does use fuel in the form of Uranium. • Uranium is a finite resource and could run out in the next 50 years

  10. Nuclear Energy Environmental Problems • Since the earthquake and tsunami in Japan there has been a major shift in policy worldwide. • Can Nuclear Energy ever be safe. • China has recently reduced the program of building new Nuclear power stations. • New generation designs are still being developed which will possibly answer the safety issues that people have

  11. Coal • Coal fired power stations have been in existence for over 100 years. • Coal reserves will last for at least another 150 years. • Coal fired power stations are easy and cheap to build and can be built in many different sizes. • Coal is considered the least sustainable option by many because it produces lots of carbon dioxide and other pollutants.

  12. How can coal be sustainable? • Over recent years new technologies have been introduced to reduce the environmental impact of coal fired power stations. • With careful design coal fired power stations can be made more efficient and therefore need less coal to burn. Efficiency has risen from 30% to over 40% in the past 20 years. • Pollution control measures can be taken which reduce sulphur dioxide, nitrous oxides, dust, and toxic metals such cadmium and mercury by over 95%.

  13. How can coal be sustainable? • This still leaves the problem of carbon dioxide (CO2) which is regonised as a key factor in the greenhouse effect and could be responsible for global warming • There is currently a lot of research being carried out worldwide to reduce the amount of (CO2) produced. • This clean coal technology as it is known is being developed at the University of Nottingham and here at UNNC.

  14. Clean Coal Technology • Some of the initiatives developed include • The co-firing of biomass to reduce the amount of coal being burnt and therefore the amount of CO2 being added to the atmosphere. • Carbon capture and storage, this is where the carbon dioxide is removed from the gases produced burning coal and stored deep underground. • Integrated gasification combined cycle is used to produce gas from coal which is easier to burn and control. It also produces less CO2. • Another possibility is to burn coal in a mixture of CO2 and oxygen to generate a pure stream of CO2 after combustion. Which means there is no need to separate it from the nitrogen used in ordinary air combustion

  15. Clean Coal Technology • A number of these technologies exist now and can be build into the design for any new plant in Ningbo. • Provisions can also be made to retro-fit new technologies at a later date. • Currently coal can be burnt and have a reduced impact until new more sustainable energy technologies can be fully developed in the future.

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