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Tanzania

Tanzania. By: Laura Herrold and Kayla Persing. Early Reforms After Independence. Tanzania lies on the Indian Ocean, making it an important trading center. Arabs settled along the coast about 1,200 years ago. 1800’s- Germans colonized.

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Tanzania

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  1. Tanzania By: Laura Herrold and Kayla Persing

  2. Early Reforms After Independence • Tanzania lies on the Indian Ocean, making it an important trading center. • Arabs settled along the coast about 1,200 years ago. • 1800’s- Germans colonized. • 1900’s- British took over and named the main land Tanganyika. • It became independent on 1961. • 1964- it joined up with Zanzibar to form Tanzania.

  3. Challenges for the New Nation • When Tanzania become independent: • People were poor • Few were literate • Tension was high between ethnic groups • 120 different ethnic groups fought each other for independence • President Julius Nyerere created unusual social policies • Some were widely critized • Others were accepted easily • Debates on Nyerere’s choices are still argued to this day

  4. A National Language • Various languages are still spoken in East African homes • Most common is Swahili • Lingua Franca • Language used for communication among people who speak different first languages • President Nyerere made Swahili the lingua franca

  5. A One-Party System • President Nyerere feared that political parties would be based on ethnic groups • He also feared that competition would lead to hatred among the groups • He established a One-Party System • Elections still involved several candidates, but they were all from the same party • People began to complain about corruption in the Government

  6. Economic Changes • Independence meant • Uhurunakazi • “Freedom and Work” • Hard work was the only way to end poverty • People needed to become self reliant • Didn’t want to rely on other countries for support • To promote self reliance Nyerereeastablished a program called ujamaa. • Swahili for “togetherness” or “being a family” • Based on farmng. • All farmers were to live in the ujamaa villages so they could work together • Made it easier for government to provide clean water, education, and other services.

  7. Progress and Continued Reform • President Nyerere stepped down as president in 1985 • Tanzania had changed greatly • They had a national language • Little ethnic conflict • Education and literacy improved greatly • However Tanzania was still very poor • Ujamaa program had failed • Economy began to suffer • Many farming families refused to move away to new villages • Because of this crop production decreased through the nation

  8. A New Era in Economics • Ali Hassan Mwinyi became the new president after Nyerere • Replaced some his Nyerere’s unsuccessful programs • Ujamaa Program • Encouraged farmers to use new farming methods to produce more crops • They also asked for help from several countries • Many countries loaned Tanzania money • Also tried privatization • Sale of government-owned industries to private companies • Private companies are now in charge of telephone and airline industries • Because of theses changes, the economy is rapidly increasing

  9. Attempts at Political Reform • 1992- government allowed new political parties to form • Multi-party system • When a country has two or more political parties • First multi-party elections held in October 1995 • However 1995 and 2000 elections caused problems • Nyerere’s party won most of the votes, so power stayed with that party • People thought that Zanzibar should no longer be apart of Tanzania • Nyerere didn’t think that Tanzania would be as well off as it is now without Zanzibar

  10. Major Cities and Rivers in Tanzania • Cities • Dar es Salaam • Dodoma • Rivers • Great Ruaha River • Kagera River • Kalambo River • Rufiji River • Zambia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi, Rwanda (West) • Uganda and Kenya (North) • Indian Ocean (East) • Mozambique and Malawi (South) Surrounding Countries

  11. Flag • Green: agriculture and fertility of the land. • Black: citizens. • Blue: Indian Ocean and Eastern Coast Line. • Yellow: countries mineral wealth. Population • 37.2 million Birth Rate and Death Rate • Birth Rate: 34.2 per 1,000 population. • Death Rate: 12.59 per 1,000 population

  12. History

  13. Government • Republican Leader • JakayaKikwete Economic System • Free Enterprise System

  14. Recent Current Event

  15. Interesting Facts • Largest country in East Africa…over 4 times the size of Great Britain. • $1 in American = 1,000 Tanzanian Shillings. • They speak multiple languages. • English (official) and Kiswahili (official) • Sukuma, Chagga, Nyamwezi, Hehe, Makonde, Yao, Sandawe. • Mount Kilimanjo’s last eruption was 200 years ago. • There is a unique breed of tree climbing lions.

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