Understanding Industrial Distributed Systems

1. ENT 264 - DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM

2. LECTURER: 1.MOHD SHUHANAZ B. ZANAR AZALAN 2.CIK SITI MARHAINIS BT OTHMAN TEACHING ENGINEER: 1. EN AZRI 2.PN NORAZILA

3. ENT 264 TIMETABLE

4. Laboratory and Tutorial Schedule

5. EVALUATION/MARKS DISTRIBUTION • Examination = 70% • Final Examination = 60% • Mid Term Examination = 10% • Continuous Assessment = 30% • Laboratory Activity (lab test + demonstration + lab report) • Assignment /Quiz

6. ENT 264 COURSE OUTCOME • CO1:Ability to analyze, apply and explain industrial distributed system • CO2: Ability to analyze, apply and explain industrial communication technology. • CO3: Ability to apply and choose suitable industrial communication technology for distributed system. • CO4: Ability to apply and select equipments for the industrial communication technology.

7. Course Content

8. Course Content (cont)

9. Course Content (Cont)

10. Reference Book • William Stallings, “Data And Computer Communications”, 7th Ed., Prentice-Hall, 2004. • Cisco System Inc“Cisco Networking Academy Program : CCNA 1 and 2 companion guide”, Cisco Press, 2006 • Richard Zurawski, editor “The Industrial Communiation Technology Handbook”, CRC Press, 2005. • Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Maarten van Steen, “Distributed System: Principles and Paradigms”, Prentice-Hall, 2002. • Behrouz A. Forouzan, “Data Communications And Networking”, 4th Ed., Mc-Graw Hill, 2007.

11. Important Notes • Attendance will be taken for every Lecture session, Lab Session and Tutorial Session. • Warning Letter will be issued if absent more than 3 times. • Lab Report need to be submitted after finish the lab session. • Quiz will be conducted suddenly during the lecture session.

12. ENT 264 Distributed System CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM

13. What is a distributed system?

14. Definition • A distributed system is a collection of independent computers that appear to the users of the system as a single system and to provide a single service or perform single task.

15. Distributed System Examples • Network of workstations • Distributed manufacturing system (e.g., automated assembly line) • Network of branch office computers

16. Network of workstations

19. Find more Examples of Distributed System

20. Why do we develop distributed systems? • availability of powerful cheap microprocessors (PCs, workstations) • continuing advances in communication technology

21. Advantages of Distributed Systems over Centralized Systems • Economics: a collection of microprocessors offer a better price/performance than mainframes. Low price/performance ratio: cost effective way to increase computing power. • Speed: a distributed system may have more total computing power than a mainframe. Ex. 10,000 CPU chips, each running at 50 MIPS. Not possible to build 500,000 MIPS single processor since it would require 0.002 nsec instruction cycle. Enhanced performance through load distributing. • Inherent distribution: Some applications are inherently distributed. Ex. a supermarket chain. • Reliability: If one machine crashes, the system as a whole can still survive. Higher availability and improved reliability. • Incremental growth: Computing power can be added in small increments. Modular expandability • Another deriving force: the existence of large number of personal computers, the need for people to collaborate and share information.

22. Advantages of Distributed Systems over Independent PCs • Data sharing: allow many users to access to a common data base • Resource Sharing: expensive peripherals like color printers • Communication: enhance human-to-human communication, e.g., email, chat • Flexibility: spread the workload over the available machines

23. Disadvantages of Distributed Systems • Software: Distributed software is more complex and harder to develop.It is more expensive and harder to get right.

24. Network: need to connect independent nodes. have limit of performance- saturation, loss transmissions.

25. Security: easy access also applies to secret data

26. Distributed System Architecture • Two point of view 1.Hardware Architecture -Uniprocessor -Multiprocessor -Multicomputer-Generally implemented in distributed system 2.Software Architecture

27. Uniprocessor • Single processor • Direct Memory Access

28. Multiprocessor • Multiple Processor • Direct Memory Access

29. Multicomputer • Multiple computers • No direct memory access • Through Network

30. TASK TO DO • Please describe multicomputer architecture which generally implemented in distributed system. Describe not more than 1 page.

31. END CHAPTER 1

32. CHAPTER 2: PROTOCOL ARCHITECTURE

33. Data Communication • Data transmission • Network • Network Topology • Type of Network

34. Data Communications • The word DATA refers to INFORMATION presented in whatever form. The form of data is agreed upon by parties that creating and using the data. • Data communications are the exchange of data between two devices via some form of transmission medium such as a wire cable, radio wave or electron.

35. Example 1

36. Example 2

38. Component of data communications • There are 5 important components of data communication. • MESSAGE- the information (data) to be communicate. Example: text, number, picture, audio and video. • SENDER- Device that send data message. Example: computer and workstation.

39. 3. RECEIVER- device that receive the message. Example: Computer, Workstation 4. MEDIUM- the physical part by which the data travels from sender to receiver. Example: twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, radio waves.

40. 5. PROTOCOL- a set of rules that govern data communications and represents an agreement between communicating device. Without protocol, 2 devices may be connected but not communicate which each other because each parties don’t understand each other.

41. Five components of data communications

44. Data Communications Model

45. Example: The user want to send message m to another user. The character string m is buffered in main memory. • This can be view as input data of bit g in memory. The source (PC) is connected to transmission medium (telephone line, local network) via transmitter( modem). • Input data are transferred to the transmitter as sequence of voltage shift g(t) representing bits on communication cable. • The transmitter is connected directly to the medium and convert g(t) bit into transmitted signal s(t) which is suitable for transmission.

47. Data Transmission • Data transmission occurs between a transmitter & receiver via some medium. • In data transmission terminology, there are 2 types of medium: 1. Guided medium (you can see the medium) - eg: coaxial cable, optical fiber 2. Unguided medium( wireless)-cant see the medium - eg: air, water

48. In data transmission terminology, we refer Direct Link as a transmission path between two device. - In Direct Link path, signal goes from transmitter to receiver with no intermediate device. - Can be apply to both unguided and guided medium.

49. Two type of direction in transmission terminology • Point to point - direct link between two device - only two devices sharing the medium • Multipoint - more than two device share the same medium.