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Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions. Ch. 2 (cont.). Practice with oxoacids. Name HNO 3 , HNO 2 , HNO Write formulas for sulfuric acid and sulfurous acid (stem= sulf-) Name the anions of HNO 3 , HNO 2 , HNO Name the anions of sulfuric acid and sulfurous acid.

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Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

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  1. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Ch. 2 (cont.)

  2. Practice with oxoacids • Name HNO3, HNO2, HNO • Write formulas for sulfuric acid and sulfurous acid (stem= sulf-) • Name the anions of HNO3, HNO2, HNO • Name the anions of sulfuric acid and sulfurous acid Nitric acid, nitrous acid, hyponitrous acid H2SO4, H2SO3 Nitrate, nitrite, hyponitrite Sulfate, sulfite

  3. sodium hydroxide NaOH ammonia NH3 potassium hydroxide KOH Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxide A base can be defined as a substance that yields hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water. *Note: the chemical formula of the base does not have to contain OH.

  4. Naming hydrates Hydrates are compounds that have a specific number of water molecules associated with them CuSO4.5H2O CuSO4 copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate Anhydrous copper (II) sulfate

  5. 1.00 g Au x 1 troy ounce 31.03 g 0.0322 troy ounce = 0.0322 troy ounce x $315 1 troy ounce $10.2 = More conversions 1.33 The price of gold on a certain day in 2004 was $315 per troy ounce. How much did 1.00 g of gold cost that day? (1 troy ounce = 31.03 g) 1 troy ounce = $315 1 troy ounce = 31.03 g convert 1 g to troy ounces

  6. 9.3 x 107 miles x 1.61 km x 1 mile 8.3 minutes = 1000 m x 1 s x 1 min 1km 3.00 x 108 m 60 s More conversions 1.35 How many minutes does it take light from the sun to reach Earth? (The distance from the sun to Earth is 93 million miles; the speed of light is 3.00 x 108 m/s.) light speed = 3.00 x 108 m/s 1 mile = 1.61 km sun-earth = 9.3 x 107 miles

  7. Dimensional analysis problems 1.35 How many minutes does it take light from the sun to reach Earth? (The distance from the sun to Earth is 93 million miles; the speed of light is 3.00 x 108 m/s; 1mile=1.61 km.) light speed = 3.00 x 108 m/s 1 mile = 1.61 km sun-earth = 9.3 x 107 miles 9.3 x 107 miles x 1.61 km x 1 mile 1000 m x 1 s x 1 min 1km 3.00 x 108 m 60 s 8.3 minutes =

  8. Stoichiometry Chapter 3

  9. Micro World atoms & molecules Macro World grams Atomic mass is the mass of an atom in atomic mass units (amu) By definition: 1 atom 12C “weighs” 12 amu On this scale, 1H = 1.008 amu 16O = 16.00 amu

  10. 7.42 x 6.015 + 92.58 x 7.016 100 Natural lithium is: 7.42% 6Li (6.015 amu) 92.58% 7Li (7.016 amu) Average atomic mass of lithium: = 6.941 amu

  11. Average atomic mass (6.941)

  12. Dozen = 12 Pair = 2 The mole (mol) is the amount of a substance that contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in exactly 12.00 grams of 12C 1 mol = NA = 6.0221367 x 1023 Avogadro’s number (NA)

  13. eggs shoes Molar mass is the mass of 1 mole of in grams marbles atoms 1 mole 12C atoms = 6.022 x 1023 atoms = 12.00 g 1 12C atom = 12.00 amu 1 mole 12C atoms = 12.00 g 12C 1 mole lithium atoms = 6.941 g of Li For any element, atomic mass (amu) = molar mass (grams) (molecular weight)

  14. How many moles in a mole of moles??? 6.022 x 1023

  15. 1 12C atom 12.00 g 1.66 x 10-24 g = 12.00 amu 6.022 x 102312C atoms 1 amu = molar mass in g/mol M x 1 amu = 1.66 x 10-24 g or 1 g = 6.022 x 1023 amu NA= Avogadro’s number

  16. Do You Understand Molar Mass? 1 mol K 6.022 x 1023 atoms K x x = 1 mol K 39.10 g K How many atoms are in 0.551 g of potassium (K) ? 1 mol K = 39.10 g K 1 mol K = 6.022 x 1023 atoms K 0.551 g K 8.49 x 1021 atoms K

  17. 1S 32.07 amu 20 + 2 x 16.00 amu SO2 SO2 64.07 amu Molecular mass (or molecular weight) is the sum of the atomic masses (in amu) in a molecule. For any molecule molecular mass (amu) = molar mass (grams) 1 molecule SO2 = 64.07 amu 1 mole SO2 = 64.07 g SO2

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