Pelatihan : Techniques in Active Tectonic Study Juni 20-Juli 2, 2013

1. Pelatihan : Techniques in Active Tectonic Study Juni 20-Juli 2, 2013 Instruktur: Prof. J Ramon Arrowsmith (JRA) Dari Arizona State University (ASU) - US Tempat Pelaksanaan: Ruang Pangea, Laboratorium Gempabumi (LabEarth) – Puslit Geoteknologi LIPI dan Kuliah lapangan akan dilakukan disekitar Sesar Lembang, Jawa Barat. * Lebih jelas baca TOR/KAK dan daftar acara

2. Subduction I: Japan 2011 earthquakeOutline of this lecture • Seismicity • Seismic waves • Displacements on land and seafloor • Source models • Seismic coupling • Comparison with other events

3. March 11, 2011 Tohoku, Japan M9.0 Earthquake http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v1/n11/fig_tab/ngeo341_F1.html

5. Magnitude 9.0 NEAR THE EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPANFriday, March 11, 2011 at 05:46:23 UTC Japan was struck by a magnitude 9.0 earthquake off its northeastern coast Friday March 11, 2011. This is one of the largest earthquakes that Japan has ever experienced. . In downtown Tokyo, large buildings shook violently and there was severe flooding due to a tsunami generated by the earthquake. USGS Part of houses swallowed by tsunami burn in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture (state) after Japan was struck by a strong earthquake off its northeastern coast Friday, March 11, 2011. New York Times

6. Magnitude 9.0 NEAR THE EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPANFriday, March 11, 2011 at 05:46:23 UTC Tsunami waves swept away houses and cars in northern Japan and pushed ships aground. The tsunami waves traveled far inland, the wave of debris racing across the farmland, carrying boats and houses with it. The tsunami, seen crashing into homes in Natori, Miyagi prefecture. AP Houses were washed away by tsunami in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture in eastern Japan, after Japan was struck by a magnitude 9.0 earthquake off the northeastern coast. New York Times

7. March 25, 2011 estimates: 10,066 people confirmed dead and 17,443 people are reported missing >$300B economic losses

8. Seismicity of northern Japan since 1973 http://eqseis.geosc.psu.edu/~cammon/Japan2011EQ/

9. Foreshocks, Mainshock, Aftershocks Movie 2.5 http://eqseis.geosc.psu.edu/~cammon/Japan2011EQ/

10. Japan 2011 Aftershocks http://eqseis.geosc.psu.edu/~cammon/Japan2011EQ/

11. Tohoku, Japan Earthquake: Aftershock (and Foreshock) Sequence, 03/08/11 - 03/16/11

12. Tohoku, Japan Earthquake: Aftershock (and Foreshock) Sequence, M:Time History

13. Simple view of the seismic wave propagation http://www.iris.edu/hq/retm/#1328;

14. Simple view of the seismic wave propagation http://www.iris.edu/hq/retm/#1328;

15. Seismic wave propagation http://www.iris.edu/hq/retm/#1328;

16. Seismic wave propagation http://www.iris.edu/hq/retm/#1328;

17. Tohoku, Japan Earthquake: Shaking Duration in Tokyo, Ground Acceleration 1g = 9.8e+002 gal +/-17%g

18. Tohoku, Japan Earthquake: Shaking Duration in Tokyo, Ground Velocity 6 minutes

19. Videos from Tokyo and nearby • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQVPfQu50yY –EEW works! • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dN4NBK1veb0 –train stopped • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=64PEo29hBGY –Tokyo skyscrapers swaying http://tremblingearth.wordpress.com/2011/03/13/more-unique-perspectives-of-the-8-9-quake/

20. Tohoku, Japan Earthquake: Finite Fault Model USGS V1 - 7 hrs after OT • Compact rupture, mostly bilateral about epicenter, peak slip up dip of hypocenter. • Rupture was likely restricted to the shallow trench, and GPS vectors suggest slip did not reach the plate boundary beneath the coastline. • Peak slips closer to 40+ m, inferred from updated modeling. • Box is 580 km long and 190 km wide • Zone of main slip is 300 km long and ~150 wide • M0= mu*A*u_bar • -mu = 30 GPa (3x1010 N/m2) • -A is surface area that slipped (m2) [width x length] • -u_bar is the average slip in meters • japan = mu.*500.*km.*200.*km.*11 = 3.3000e+022 Nm • japan_mw=(2./3).*log10(japan)-6 = 9.0123

21. M Simons et al. Science 2011;332:1421-1425

22. Evolving displacement field http://gps.alaska.edu/ronni/sendai2011.html

23. acquired February 26, 2011 http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/view.php?id=49630

24. acquired March 12, 2011 Coastal inundation and permanent subsidence (?) http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/view.php?id=49630

25. http://www1.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/e/KAIYO/image/Seafloor_Geodetic_Observation.gifhttp://www1.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/e/KAIYO/image/Seafloor_Geodetic_Observation.gif

26. Sato, et al., 2011

27. M Simons et al. Science 2011;332:1421-1425

28. Backprojection of seismic energy to source Dense Euro USArray http://www.tectonics.caltech.edu/slip_history/2011_taiheiyo-oki/Backprojection/

29. Ide, et al., 2011

30. Coulomb calculation

31. Coulomb calculation

32. Lay and Kanamori, 2011

33. Lay and Kanamori, 2011

34. Ando and Imanishi, 2011 Foreshock-Mainshock linkage

35. Lay and Kanamori, 2011

36. Lay and Kanamori, 2011

37. Japanese subduction zone segmentation and hazard assessment: Expectation was for individual patches to rupture (M~8—consistent with historic behavior). Tsunami hazard was based on last few centuries record. http://www.jishin.go.jp/main/chousa/10_yosokuchizu/k_jishincategory.pdf modified: http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/kojiok/110311EQ/HERPmapwithnotes1.pdf

38. Subduction I: Japan 2011 earthquakeOutline of this lecture • Seismicity • Seismic waves • Displacements on land and seafloor • Source models • Seismic coupling • Comparison with other events