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INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION. The Microbial World And You. INTRODUCTION. Beneficial organisms. Pathogenic Organisms. Naming and Classifying Organisms. Types of Microorganisms: Bacteria. Other Microorganisms: Fungi, Protozoa, Algae, Viruses, Multicellular Animal Parasites.

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INTRODUCTION

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  1. INTRODUCTION The Microbial World And You.

  2. INTRODUCTION. • Beneficial organisms. • Pathogenic Organisms. • Naming and Classifying Organisms. • Types of Microorganisms: Bacteria. • Other Microorganisms: Fungi, Protozoa, Algae, Viruses, Multicellular Animal Parasites. • Classification of Microbes by Carl Woese.

  3. Naming and Classifying microbe • Carolus Linnaeus: Binomial normenclature. • Robert Whittaker: Five kingdom system.

  4. TYPES OF MICROORGANISMS. • Bacteria. • Fungi, Protozoa, Algae, Viruses, Multicellular Animal Parasites.

  5. CARL WOESE’S DOMAINS. • Eubacteria • Archaea • Euarya.

  6. THE FIRST OBSERVATIONS. • Robert Hooke: “ Little boxes” or “ cells”. • Anton van Leeuwenhoek: “ animacules”.

  7. Debate over spontaneous generation: evidence-pros&cons. • Francesco Redi: Maggots appeared only if flies were allowed to leave their eggs on the meat. • John Needham: Claimed that the microbes developed spontaneously from the fluids. • Lazzaro Spallanzani: Showed that nutrient fluids heated after being sealed in a flask did not grow.

  8. The Theory Of Biogenesis. • Rudolf Virchow: Concept of Biogenesis. • Louis Pasteur: Ubiquity of Microbes, Aseptic techniques.

  9. The Theory Of Biogenesis. • Louis Pasteur’s Experiments Disproving Theory of Spontaneous generation. • Aseptic Techniques.

  10. THE GOLDEN AGE OF MICROBIOLOGY. • Fermentation and Pasteurization. • The Germ Theory of Disease: Koch’s Postulates. • Vaccination

  11. Robert Koch: First proof that bacteria cause disease. • Koch discovered Bacillus anthracis. • Koch’s postulates: A sequence of experimental steps for directly relating a specific microbe to a specific disease. • Edward Jenner: Smallpox vaccine and vaccination.

  12. The birth of modern chemotherap • Dreams of a magic bullet. • Paul Ehrlich: First synthetic Drugs-salvarsan. • Alexander Fleming: Antibiotics-penicillin. • Rene Dubos: Discovered two antibiotics produced by Bacillus brevis, from soil.

  13. Modern Developments in Micro. • Recombinant DNA Technology. • Immunology: Rebecca Lancefield proposed a classification system based on certain components in the cellwalls of the bacteria. • Virology: Dmitri Iwanowski reported that the TMV was small enough to pass through bacterial filters.

  14. Microbes and Human Welfare. • Microbes and Human Disease.

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