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Unit 7B: The Great Depression & World War II 1929-1945

Unit 7B: The Great Depression & World War II 1929-1945. Part 1: Causes and effects of the Great Depression Part 2: The New Deal response Part 3: Causes, course and effects of WWII Unit Q: How did the major crises between 1929 and 1945 affect the American national identity? .

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Unit 7B: The Great Depression & World War II 1929-1945

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  1. Unit 7B: The Great Depression & World War II1929-1945 Part 1: Causes and effects of the Great Depression Part 2: The New Deal response Part 3: Causes, course and effects of WWII Unit Q: How did the major crises between 1929 and 1945 affect the American national identity?

  2. I. Long-term causes of Great Depression • Overproduction & underconsumption of consumer goods • Uneven distribution of wealth • Bull market • Buying stocks on margin • Overspeculation

  3. II. Short-term cause of Great Depression • Black Tuesday: great stock market crash (1929) • Everyone wanted to sell stocks

  4. III. Effects of Great Depression • Bank & business failures • Unemployment • Wages decreased • Dust Bowl > Farmers lost farms • Steinbeck’s Grapes of Wrath (1939) • Loss of self-worth • “Hoovervilles” • Worst depression in US history

  5. IV. Franklin & Eleanor Roosevelt • From wealthy class • Governor of NY • Great speaker • Eleanor most active first lady in US history • “conscience” of New Deal

  6. V. 1st New Deal (1933-1935)

  7. V. 1st New Deal (1933-1935) • 1st Hundred Days (presented goals) • Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (1933) • Civilian Conservation Corps (1933) • Agricultural Adjustment Administration (1933) • Tennessee Valley Authority (1933) • Effects of 1st New Deal • economy improved • unemployment dropped

  8. VI. Critics of the 1st New Deal • Senator Huey “Kingfish” Long • Share Our Wealth program • Argued FDR administration didn’t do enough • Supreme Court • Ruled much of New Deal unconstitutional • Argued FDR administration went too far

  9. VII. 2nd New Deal (1935-1938) • In response to critics • Wagner Act (1935) • Social Security Act (1935) • Court-packing bill (1937)

  10. VIII. Legacy of the New Deal • Criticism • New Deal did not cure depression, WWII did • Support • No revolution (like in Europe) • Reforms are still important today

  11. IX. Origins of WWII • Treaty of Versailles punished Germany • League of Nations ineffective • Great Depression caused totalitarianism • American isolationism > Neutrality Acts (1935-1939) • Limited presidential power • Cash-carry policy > solved unemployment crisis

  12. X. Moving Away from Neutrality • Lend-Lease Act (April 1941) • Supply allies • Ended neutrality > German u-boat attacks • Japanese imperialism in Asia > tension with US • Negotiations failed • Attack on Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7 1941) • FDR requests Declaration of War

  13. XI. War Mobilization at Home • War Production Board: regulate war goods • “Rosie the Riveter” • 5 million women > family incomes increased • Office of Price Administration • Rationing of anything used in war effort • Volunteerism • Manhattan Project (1942) • Researched & built bomb at Los Alamos, NM • Led by Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer

  14. XII. Discrimination • A. Philip Randolph & African American laborers • March on Washington Movement (1941) • FDR’s Fair Employment Practices Committee • Japanese-American internment • Military “necessity” • Italians and Germans left alone

  15. XIII. Allied Turning Points • Japan pushed back in Pacific • Battle of Midway (June 1942): turning point in Pacific • Island-hopping began • Invasion of Europe • D-Day (June 6, 1944) • Led by General Dwight Eisenhower • Fall of Berlin = V-E Day (May 7, 1945) • The atomic bomb at Hiroshima & Nagasaki • V-J Day (August 14, 1945)

  16. XIV. Aftermath • Casualties • Approximately 50 million dead (405, 000 Americans) • Little damage on American homeland • Post-war issues • Cold War rivalry began immediately • Began atomic age

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