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Introducing and Comparing Operating Systems

Chapter 1. Introducing and Comparing Operating Systems. You Will Learn…. What an operating system does How DOS began and how it is used today About the various Windows operating systems and the differences between them Advantages and disadvantages of common non-Windows operating systems.

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Introducing and Comparing Operating Systems

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  1. Chapter 1 Introducing and Comparing Operating Systems

  2. You Will Learn… • What an operating system does • How DOS began and how it is used today • About the various Windows operating systems and the differences between them • Advantages and disadvantages of common non-Windows operating systems A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  3. What an Operating System Does • Controls hardware components that make up a computer • Acts as a middleman between applications and hardware • Provides an interface that a user or application can use A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  4. How an OS Relates to Users, Applications, and Hardware A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  5. Common Operating Systems • DOS • Windows 9x • Windows NT, Windows 2000, and Windows XP • UNIX • Linux • OS/2 • Mac OS A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  6. Four Main Functions of an Operating System • Managing hardware • Managing files • Providing a user interface • Managing applications A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  7. Operating System Functions • Managing hardware • Managing the BIOS • Managing memory • Diagnosing problems with software and hardware • Interfacing between hardware and software • Managing files • On hard, floppy, CD-ROM, and other drives • Creating, storing, retrieving, deleting, and moving files A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  8. Operating System Functions (continued) • Providing a user interface • Performing housekeeping procedures requested by users • Providing a way for a user to manage the desktop, hardware, applications, and data • Managing applications • Installing and uninstalling applications • Running applications and managing the interface to hardware on behalf of an application A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  9. Operating System Components • Two main components • Shell • Relates to user and applications • Provides command, menu, or icon interface to user using various interface tools (e.g., Windows Explorer, Control Panel, or My Computer) • Kernel • Interacts with hardware A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  10. Operating System Components (continued) A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  11. How an OS Relates to Users • Command-driven interfaces • User types commands • Menu-driven interfaces • User chooses from list of options • Icon-driven interfaces (GUI or graphical user interface) • User selects icon (picture) on the screen A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  12. A Command-Driven Interface A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  13. A Menu-Driven Interface A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  14. An Icon-Driven Interface A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  15. Terminology for Comparing OSs • Thread • Process that a CPU is aware of • 16-bit (real) mode • 32-bit (protected) mode • FAT (file allocation table) and FAT32 • Tracks • Sectors • Clusters A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  16. Tracks, Sectors, and Clusters A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  17. Terminology for Comparing OSs (continued) • Random access memory (RAM) • Temporary memory stored on chips inside computer • Place to store programs and data • Contents disappear when computer is off • Several ports to connect different devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse, printer) A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  18. Types of RAM Modules A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  19. Comparing Operating Systems • What kind of user interface does it provide? • How many and what kinds of applications are written to work with it? • What are hardware requirements for efficient use? • What computer ports and other hardware devices and features does it support? • How does the OS perform in a network? A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  20. DOS (Disk Operating System) • First OS used by IBM microcomputers • Simple and reliable • Primary use today is as troubleshooting tool • Used in some proprietary systems where older hardware and software are still doing the job • Provides underlying OS for Windows 9x A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  21. DOS (Disk Operating System) (continued) A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  22. DOS (Disk Operating System) (continued) A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  23. Windows Operating Systems • Windows 9x • Windows NT • Windows 2000 • Windows XP A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  24. Windows 9x • Collective term for Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows Me • Retains fundamental DOS core • Plug and Play (PnP) • Introduced 32-bit programming • Backward-compatible with older software and hardware while taking advantage of new technology A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  25. How Windows 9x Differs from Windows 3.x and DOS A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  26. A Windows 9x Interface A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  27. Windows 9x Hardware Requirements A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  28. Advantages and Disadvantages of Windows 9x A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  29. Windows 98 Upgrades • Windows 98 Second Edition(Windows 98 SE) • Windows Millennium Edition(Windows Me) A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  30. Windows 98 SE • Includes: • Several patches for the first edition • Updates of existing components • Some new components • Most features involve improved networking and Internet access • Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) • Support for modems that use a USB port A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  31. Windows Me • Moves one step closer to phasing out Windows 9x and replacing it with Windows XP • Designed for home users • Focuses on enhancements to multimedia features • Includes compression utility for video files and a video editor A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  32. Windows NT/2000/XP • Designed to replace Windows 9x • Versions of Windows NT and Windows 2000 are designed as server OSs • Competes with UNIX in client/server industry • Windows NT and Windows 2000 can manage LAN access • Competes with Novell NetWare in LAN market A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  33. Goals of Windows NT/2000/XP • Eliminate the DOS Core Used by Windows 9x • Room to Grow • Portability to Different Platforms • Compatibility with Legacy Software • Security • Performance and Reliability • Support for Hardware A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  34. Checking the HCL A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  35. Choosing Between Windows 9x and Windows NT/2000/XP • In most situations, you should install Windows XP on a PC • Windows 9x or Windows Me might be appropriate if: • You have legacy hardware not supported by Windows NT/2000/XP • Your PC is not powerful enough to support Windows NT/2000/XP • Your software runs better on Windows 9x than it does under Windows XP A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  36. Choosing Between Windows 9x and Windows NT/2000/XP (continued) A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  37. Windows NT • First step in major evolution of Microsoft Windows terminating in Windows XP • Supports multiprocessing • Designed for a powerful client-server network environment • Windows NT Workstation is designed to run on clients • Windows NT Server is designed to run on servers A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  38. Windows NT (continued) • Difficult to install and support • Most organizations that used Windows NT have upgraded to Windows 2000 or Windows XP A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  39. Advantages and Disadvantages of Windows NT A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  40. Minimum Hardware Requirements for Windows NT • Pentium-compatible processor or higher • 16 MB of RAM (32 MB recommended) • 125 MB of hard disk space A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  41. Hardware Platforms Supported by Windows NT • Intel x86-based (486 or higher) processor • MIPS R4x00-based processor • Alpha AXP-based processor • PReP-compliant PowerPC-based processor A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  42. Windows 2000 • Windows 2000 is a suite of operating systems, each designed for a different sized system • The Windows 2000 desktop resembles that of Windows 9x and Windows NT • Built on Windows NT • Designed to replace Windows 9x for low-end system and Windows NT for high-end systems A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  43. Windows 2000 (continued) A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  44. Windows 2000 (continued) • All versions have same fundamental core and execute programs in same manner • Windows 2000 Professional • Windows 2000 Server • Windows 2000 Advanced Server • Windows 2000 Datacenter Server A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  45. Hardware and Software Supported by Windows 2000 • See the hardware compatibility list (HCL) at www.microsoft.com/whdc/hcl/search.mspx • Search the list of compatible software at www.microsoft.com/windows2000/server/howtobuy/upgrading/compat/search/software.asp A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  46. Hardware Supported by Windows 2000 A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  47. Advantages of Windows 2000 versus Windows NT • Reliability • Security • Personalized Start Menu • Power Use • Improved Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) features • Added Notebook Computer Features A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  48. Personalized Start Menu A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  49. Windows 2000 Control Panel A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  50. Power Use A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

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