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Somesthesis. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qoiaUV7fGEI. Top-Down Processing. Information guided by mental processes Starts in the brain Construct perceptions through prior experience and expectation. Bottom-up Processing. Begins with sensory information
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Somesthesis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qoiaUV7fGEI
Top-Down Processing • Information guided by mental processes • Starts in the brain • Construct perceptions through prior experience and expectation
Bottom-up Processing • Begins with sensory information • Works up to brain’s integration of sensory information
Processing Examples: • I go to the doctor’s office to get shots. I hate getting shots. This is the worst. I’m going to have the worst time ever. Why do we have to do this today. My parents tricked me – they said we were going to Wendy’s and hotdamn, I love that place… but no this is not Wendy’s, we have to first stop off and get these shots, this is the worst I hate it I hate it I hate it… I get the shot, and I was right, it is the worst thing ever. It hurts. Ow Ow Ow Ow. • Top-down or bottom-up? • I go to the doctor’s office to get a shot. The doctor sticks me. Ow. It sucks. This is the worst ever. • Top-down or bottom-up?
Touch is an important sense… • Communication • Love • Attachment • development
But it’s not as easy as having a cone or a rod, or a taste bud… • There are 4 types of touch, but only pressure has an identifiable receptor site. • Pressure • Warmth • Cold • Pain • Why not hot?
PRESSURE has its own receptors - 0ther skin sensations are just combos of the other four (pressure, pain, cold, warm) • Stroking alternating pressure = tickle • You can’t tickle yourself… the brain understands foreign vs. domestic terrorism • Repeated gentle stroking of pain = itching • Touching cold and pressure = wet • think of touching really cold and dry metal • Stimulating cold and warm = hot • But what could hot also be? Top-down or bottom-up? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sxwn1w7MJvk - Rubber Hand Illusion (which two senses are at play here, and what’s this called?)
Somesthesis • Fancy word for touch sense • HUMUNCULUS • Motor and sensory cortex together • Where are they located in the brain? • Broken down into two parts • Kinesthesis • Vestibular sense
Kinethesis • Sense of position and movement of body parts • Enabled by receptors in your joints, tendons, bones, ears, and skin
Vestibular Sense • Monitors your head’s (and thus body’s) position and movement • Based off equilibrium in inner ear • Semicircular canals contain vestibular sacs which connect to the cochlea
Pain • Your body’s way of saying something has gone wrong. • Combines bottom-up and top-down • How? Think of examples from beginning of class…
In case you need it: The Pain Circuit • Sensory receptors (nociceptors) respond to potentially damaging stimuli • Send impulse to the spinal cord • Passes the message to the brain • Interprets the signal as pain
Gate Control Theory • Draw it out! • Nociceptors • Endorphins • Distracted stimulation and control • Selective attention • Pain meds and the Placebo Effect: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R4PON6Chgug
Phantom Limb • Mirror box solution/experiment • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gc3CmS8_vUI
Pain and Biopsychosocial Approach • What’s the conclusion to how pain is managed? What’s the nature of it, what’s the nurture of it? • What’s the bio? • What’s the psycho? • What’s the social?