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Ch 2.2 Properties of Substances

Ch 2.2 Properties of Substances.

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Ch 2.2 Properties of Substances

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  1. Ch 2.2 Properties of Substances All substances have properties that we can use to identify them. For example we can identify a person by their face, their voice, height, finger prints, DNA etc.. The more of these properties that we can identify, the better we know the person. In a similar way matter has properties - and there are many of them. There are two basic types of properties that we can associate with matter. These properties are called Physical properties and Chemical properties

  2. Physical Properties: Properties that do not change the chemical nature of matter • Examples of physical properties are: color, smell, freezing point, boiling point, melting point, infra-red spectrum, attraction (paramagnetic) or repulsion (diamagnetic) to magnets, opacity, viscosity and density. There are many more examples. Note that measuring each of these properties will not alter the basic nature of the substance.

  3. Physical Changes • When a substance goes through a physical change, there is no change in the chemical properties of the substance. • Physical changes can include melting, boiling, sublimation, changes in shape or size. • The molecular composition of the substance does not change with physical changes.

  4. Density: A Familiar Physical Property • Density (d) is the ratio of mass to volume for a substance. • d = m / V • Units g/cm3 or g/mL Archimedes Used density to gain wide acclaim!

  5. Solubility: A Physical Property • The process of dissolving a solute in a solvent is determined by the solubility of a substance. • Many factors affect the solubility of a pure substance. Dissolving sugar in water

  6. In order to test chemical properties a chemical reaction is carried out which forms new products and uses the reactant in the process. Chemical changes for new products that are unique from the original substance. Chemical Properties: Properties that do change the chemical nature of matter

  7. Self- Quiz: Chemical or Physical • Oxygen is odorless and colorless • Copper turns green when exposed to the environment • The piece of metal is magnetic • The density of water is 1.0 gram per cubic centimeter • Diamonds are a very hard substance • Sodium reacts very easily with other elements • Copper conducts electricity • Water is a liquid • Alka-Seltzer tablets react with water to produce gas • The boiling point of water is 100 degrees C

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