1. INTRODUCTION

2. 1. INTRODUCTION From Ecodial2 to Ecodial3 : Windows 3.11, 95, 98 and NT New products : Contactors , Circuit breakers (Telemecanique), Thermal relays, Soft starters, Variable speed drives, Capacitors A new calculation standard : CENELEC (R0064-003) Installation standards : IEC364, C15-100

3. General characteristics Drawing Definition of circuit characteristics Power sum Calculation Results Output

4. Un Ph-Ph (415V) : sets the LV network voltage. This value corresponds to a phase-phase voltage Earthing arangement (TNC) : sets the earthing arrangement at the transformer. This value can only be changed in a network after an LV/LV transformer, or from TNC to TNS. Cascading (YES) : authorises Ecodial to use reinforced breaking capacity to choose downstream breakers. This can help reduce the cost of an installation. Discrimination (YES) : displays the discrimination results and chooses breakers giving better discrimination results. Smax (240mm�) : sets the maximum cable CSA that Ecodial can use when sizing cables (multiple cables in parallel can always be used though)

5. CSA N / CSA Ph (1) : sets the minimum ratio between phase and neutral conductors. This is used to allow half neutrals (1/2) or require full neutrals (1). Tolerance (5%) : Ecodial calculates the theoretical Phase CSA. Tolerance can be included to allow the choice of cable slightly smaller than the theoretical value. Standard (IEC947-2) : Allows the user to choose a default product standard (IEC947-2 or IEC898) according to which the breaking capacity of the circuit breakers are given. If the standard is set to IEC898, Ecodial automatically chooses IEC947-2 if no IEC898 are available Target power factor (0.96) : this is the value Ecodial will use to size the required capacitor bank. It corresponds to the power factor downstream of the transformer. System frequency (50Hz) : enables users to choose products that are suitable for 60hz applications (capacitors, �).

6. Sources : Transformer, Generator, Undefined, (Bus coupler) Busbar : Busbar, (interlock) Outgoing circuits Loads : receiver, motor, lighting, variable speed drive LV transformer (isolating, step-up, step-down) graphic links - project links Standard diagrams

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8. select circuit and F4, or double-click on circuit Name all the circuits : Supply, Switchboard, Main Load, Main Motor, Main Lighting Enter circuit parameters: Main Load : 35m, 238A Main motor : 39m, 110kW (mechanical), Main Lighting :15m cable, 30m busbar, 20x150W Incandescent lights, 10 identical circuits Useful tools Network / Item lists � faster input of circuit characteristics once the circuits are named. Display / Network tree (F2) Network / Logical check (F3)

9. Automatically calculates the theoretical power of transformer and generator. (400kVA) Automatically calculates the currents in the different branches of the circuits. (ex Total Switchboard feeders = 436.36A) Ku and Ks coefficients can be used to optimise design. Ecodial will recommend a transformer size. Power sum should be run after every modification !

10. The Power Sum is not compulsory. But then the user must manually define the currents in every circuits. Advantage : quicker calculations : Do not have to draw/enter all the circuits. Enter only the circuits one wants to calculate, and expected current. Disadvantage : results can be sometimes surprising ! POWER SUM IS RECOMMENDED IN BIG PROJECTS !

13. Automatic mode equipment is selected automatically. No additional entry is required, Ecodial uses default values (installation method, cable type, �) Manual mode parameters can be defined by user, and then theyare checked to see if they verify all the safety criteria. An unsafe choice will not be allowed to be validated. Equipment calculated Circuit breakers (and fuses) and isolators Contactors and relays Cable, BTS, and busbar

15. Load current and breaking capacity identifies circuit breaker Choice of circuit breaker sets thermal setting Thermal setting defines minimum theoretical cable CSA Verification of cable (Sp, Sn, Spe theoretic) voltage drop protection against indirect contact short circuit currents Sizing constraint (overload, voltage drop, user, �)

16. Busbar sizing : For main busbar, size is defined by the circuit breaker protection which is defined by the nominal current of transformer (and not the sum of the load currents !) For other busbar (sub DB) : sizing according to circuit breaker protection, which is defined by the load current. Short circuit currents Ik max : cold short circuit (copper is cold-low resistivity) Ik min : warm short circuit (copper is warm - high resistivity) Ik3 : three phase �bolted� fault Ik2 : phase - phase fault Ik1 : phase - neutral fault Earth fault : phase-earth fault

17. ro : resitivity at 20 degrees Celcius (IEC909) copper : 18,51 aluminium : 29,41 At different temperatures : PVC r1= 1,2x ro at 70 degrees r2= 1,38x ro at 115 degrees (if S <= 300 mm�) r2= 1,34x ro at 105 degrees (if S > 300 mm� r3= 1,30x ro at 95 degrees (if S <= 300 mm�) r3= 1,26x ro at 85 degrees (if S > 300 mm�) PR r1= 1,28x ro at 90 degrees r2= 1,60x ro at 170 degrees r3= 1,48x ro at 140 degrees Linear reactance (non armoured cables) multi core or single core in trefoil : l = 0,08 single core, flat touching : l = 0,09 single core, spaced : l = 0,13

20. Define new circuits : Emergency DB feeder : 45 m , (I = ???) Emergency DB Emergency supply Vital Load (36m, 135A) Vital Motor (75m, 18,5 kW mechanical) Run Power Sum Transformer : 400 to 630 kVA Generator : 160 kVA (only supplies Emergency board !) Run Calculation

21. Zoom : drag a box around the area to zoom into Grid Alf F3 = search for a particular circuit based on its name or ID Circuit selection (multiple) : keep SHIFT button pressed while selecting multiple circuits, or draw a box around the circuits to select. Moving circuits : drag and drop the selection Copying circuits (including the characteristics) select circuit to be copied CTRL+C and then CTRL+V Edit / Copy and then Edit / Paste Enlarge busbars : select busbar, click on , enlarge bars.

22. Power (kVA) : the nominal rating of the transformer. It is usually calculated and set in the power sum, nonetheless it can be manually set by the user here. Earthing arrangement : a reminder of the earthing arrangement set in the general characteristics. Modifying the earthing arrangement here does not modify the earthing arrangement of all the downstream circuits. Distributed neutral : identifies networks that have or have no neutral conductor. Un Ph-Ph : a reminder of the system voltage. As for the earthing system, changing the voltage here does not automatically change the voltage of all the other circuits. Short circuit voltage : parameter which is used to calculate the impedance of the transformer (Z). The resistance and reactance are estimated using the CENELEC guide lines.

46. Network General characteristics TNC 400V Transformer 800kVA transformer Incomer cable length = 0 Load 3P+N 100A Installation method EJ(1) Calculate the network with : Load cable length =30m, 100m, 140m, 170m Info needed : Irm, If, Sph, Spe, DeltaU, CB, Sizing criteria

48. Non-uniformly distributed load the Icc and DeltaU can be calculated at each tap-off point, or for worst case scenario (Icc at source) Calculation method to be used for distribution systems having loads that vary substantially in power and location. Uniformly distributed load the Icc is calculated at the beginning of BTS. The voltage drop is estimated as a function of the number of tap-offs Calculation adapted for distribution systems having evenly distributed loads (in power and location)

49. Uniformly and Non-uniformly distributed load. 800kVA 100A tapoffs D=5,10,15,20,25 Total length 30m Info needed : Icc, deltaU per tap/off.

50. Ku : usage coefficient applicable to a CIRCUIT % full load current when load is running example : motor +/- 80% Light 100% Ks : diversity coefficient applicable to a DISTRIBUTION BOARD chance of all feeders drawing maximum load at any given time relative to the number of feeders on DB. See Electrical Installation Guide

52. Apartment blocks : Consumers 4 9 14 19 24 29 34 39 49 Ks 1 .78 .63 .53 .49 .46 .44 .42 .41 Distribution Boards (IEC439) : Circuits 3 5 9 10+ Ks .9 .8 .7 .6 Circuits (Ks or Ku ?): Lighting 1 Heating, air conditioning 1 Socket outlet circuit .1 to .2 (higher in industry) Lifts/hoists 1 / .75 / .6

53. Problem with Ku and Ks Responsibility of the user Personal experience Knowledge of installation Database of existing installations Advantage of Ku and Ks more cost effective installation not oversized Example total installed power : 144kVA maximum expected demand : 80 kVA

54. The algorithms used by Ecodial Formulas, constants impedance Icc, voltage drop, .. Reference to standards

55. Different types of information : The front page Header and footer The device lists Equipment display Calculation notes The single-line diagram Printing : Customise the setup Choice of language

56. Open and save a project How to make a link between projects ? Choice of interface language The summary Different kinds of exports : DXF RTF ECD

57. Circuit breaker and busbar selection Discrimation and cascading tables Tripping curves

58. Maximum number of circuits in a project : 70 Maximum number of copied circuits : 20 Maximum number of transformers : 4

59. Normal and emergency sources Ecodial uses the worst case scenario to select equipment : max short circuit level from Transformers min earth fault current from Generators Complex networks It is not always possible to draw the exact network. It can be necessary to draw a simplified network, and define the final network based on these calculations.