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ETHICAL ISSUES WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

ETHICAL ISSUES WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. Disclaimer: I am NOT negative about AI, I just want us to be “aware” and, not make the same mistake of nuclear science of last century The ethical issues are not just philosophical ones,

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ETHICAL ISSUES WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

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  1. ETHICAL ISSUES WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Disclaimer: I am NOT negative about AI, I just want us to be “aware” and, not make the same mistake of nuclear science of last century The ethical issues are not just philosophical ones, but hard pragmatic aspects in problem formulation and system design Debasis Mitra

  2. ETHICAL ISSUES WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Social engineering from AI systems: Social network: automatically feeding an individual with “friends” or “products” We look for justification of our views, both “wrong” and “correct” views Social networks breed isolation between diverse views, and thus enhancing unrest-violence-misunderstanding (local minima) They also amplify whatever we think as correct – right or wrong Debasis Mitra

  3. ETHICAL ISSUES WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Privacy: Continuous and pervasive monitoring leads to… Loss of individual “space” & uniqueness Possible fatal error Even Database errors from last generation-software were serious enough! Destroying individualistic creativity: branding of user Debasis Mitra

  4. ETHICAL ISSUES WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Security: Fatal hacking Cyber warfare Smart bombs Killer robots (soldiers, cops, drones, …) Debasis Mitra

  5. ETHICAL ISSUES WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Value system: Utility metric may not necessarily model “appropriate” value system (world, national, regional, social group,,,) Objective function is yet to be understood clearly * Problem with Algorithmic trading * Dangerous (extremely) fast decision making Limitations of a system is difficult to model, leads to lack of transparency Where does “it” (an AI system) work, and does not? How much should an individual or a community trust the system? Especially important in deep-learned systems (ban at EU) Debasis Mitra

  6. ETHICAL ISSUES WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Replacement of human workers: Accountability is diffused: * auto piloted car in accident: user is far from the design & too complex to blame the designer, * smart medicine failing * collateral damage by robo-soldiers * racial discrimination by smart loan decider (IEEE is standardizing it) * . . . . . Resulting laziness Work is not only for direct social product, work has intrinsic values (e.g., exercise) Debasis Mitra

  7. ETHICAL ISSUES WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Cognitive Science: Understanding human intelligence via simulation with AI Even at a very broad level: * How much do we want to know about ourselves? Any limit? * And, why do we want to know about us (hypothesis behind it)? - Remember “behavioral psychology” and Skinner training paradigm? Or, superior race of Eugenics? Our “knowledge” is always an increasing but finite - approximation of “infinite” Truth! Be careful in what we “do” with this knowledge. Engineers always face this: design the car in such a way that when its battery is not trustworthy we can replace with different battery type AI systems are being designed only for the “present” understanding of humans not the future humans! Debasis Mitra

  8. ETHICAL ISSUES WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Rights of AI: Our value system is to protect: human survival, human civilization, national interest, …, individual human, animals, environment on Earth, … (in order of preference) Where does a smart agent (hardware or software) falls in this hierarchy? Saw the term recently: “robosexual” human marrying a robot We eventually feel for any “complex” system: pets, cars, robots? Can I “insult” SIRI? There is a feedback loop - I also am affected negatively, even if SIRI is not! Debasis Mitra

  9. ETHICAL ISSUES WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Value embedding in AI: Value evolves in a society: often in an opposite direction than what was it previously Even within the same culture, even in one’s mind, values may be conflicting! AI juror, AI judge, AI attorney, AI politician, AI Financier,…? Facebook will censor “False news”, as they should, BUT, can they control it when they WILL need to, but their customers will get adapted to? Debasis Mitra

  10. ETHICAL ISSUES WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Value embedding in AI: Our value system is to protect: human survival, human civilization, national interest, …, individual human, animal, environment on Earth, … Asimov’s 3 rules for robots: 1) Protect human, 2) Obey human unless it violates rule 1, and 3) robots built by a robot must embed all three rules 90% of our problems in the world stems from imprinting our arrogance from one generation to the next, parents to children, and teachers to students If we similarly pass on our “arrogance” to our robots, that may be the final undoing of us… Debasis Mitra

  11. ETHICAL ISSUES WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE • Brain machine interface: • Will it make one dependent on it? • Adverse medical effects? • Mentally stronger but “harmful” person? (Imagine your evil-est anti-hero!) • When to “allow” or “not” such extension? Will a doctor prevent “a harmful” person from wearing a glass? • How to interface “beyond brain” aspect, if that exists? Can impedance mismatch happen? Debasis Mitra

  12. ETHICAL ISSUES WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE “Singularity” and Super-intelligence Sorry, I do not subscribe to this: Intelligence is not 1-dimensional (IQ?) But, problems with AI, even domain dependent AI, are real Human intelligence is not just a brain… Such hypothesis is a good “approximate” starting point of science (that our intelligence are only in brains), but there is far more… Debasis Mitra

  13. ETHICAL ISSUES WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE These are tough questions beyond technology, but involving technology They will evolve over time (e.g., Auto-car laws) Just let your “humanity” remain awake while you work on any AI project, even 1% awareness may do… Stay involved, do not brush these issues aside Debasis Mitra

  14. Facebook, Google Sign Up to Tim Berners-Lee 'Contract'Financial TimesAliya RamNovember 5, 2018Facebook and Google have signed up to new Internet standards from World Wide Web founder Sir Tim Berners-Lee requiring all online companies to respect data privacy and "support the best in humanity." Berners-Lee's "contract for the Web" is designed to counter what the inventor of the World Wide Web calls a threat to people's rights and freedoms enabled by the online spread of disinformation, hate speech, and abuse. Almost 60 companies, governments, and business leaders have signed up to the contract, which establishes high-level precepts for a "free and open Web," including improving Internet access and encouraging privacy. Amazon, which ACM A.M. Turing Award recipient Berners-Lee referred to last week as one of several “huge companies” that may need to be broken up to reduce their “dominance,” is not currently a signatory of the “contract for the Web.” Debasis Mitra

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