Exploring Youth Attitudes and Social Capital in Unemployment

1. Work Package 9 Vulnerable Voices and Cultural Barriers: Attitudes and Aspirations Presentation 31 March 2014 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 613256.

2. Work package 9: Attitudes and Aspirations of Young people A diverse range of methodological approaches will be employed to examine beliefs and attitudes of youngpeople towards work, families and society. The WP encompasses 4 substantive tasks: • Attitudes towards work and family/household formation (TARKI) • The impact of youth unemployment on social capital: An experimental approach (UNISA) • Aspirations of vulnerable young people in foster care (UoB) • Young People as Outsiders (UOXF) www.style-research.eu

3. Task 1: Attitudes towards work and family (TÁRKI) • Changing attitudes may provide useful insight into the distinctive characteristics of current forms of youth unemployment • Consequence of increased labour market flexibility and precarious employment = reduction in incentives to build a career or invest in long-term human capital. • May lead to a form of cognitive dissonance involving the rejection of the value of such achievements. • Likely to be affected by periods of unemployment and/or precarious work. www.style-research.eu

4. Task 1: Attitudes towards work and family (TÁRKI) The two main questions: 1.Are there significant differences between age cohorts attitudes’ to work? 2.To what extent have attitude changes influenced by local/national and cohort specific level of unemployment? The research design 1, The research will be based on work attitude modules between 1980 and 2010. 2, The two sets of dependent variables are: „Work versus Life” and „What is important in work” What is important work?

5. Task 2: Impact of youth unemployment on social capital (UNISA) • The scaring effects of youth unemployment can have profound and lasting consequences; not only long term wage and employment penalties, but also reduced social capital. • Until now research on such issues has been based on purely survey measures of trust. • Here an innovative approach is taken involving the use of trust game experiments amongst employed and non-employed young people to examine the effects of labour market experiences on trust and reciprocity. www.style-research.eu

6. Task 2: Impact of youth unemployment on social capital (UNISA) Two key research questions: • Are there major behavioural differences between young people in different labour market states? • What is the association between unemployment and behavioural trust and reciprocity? • Does (prolonged) unemployment reduce trust (and reciprocity) in YP? www.style-research.eu

7. Task 2: Impact of youth unemployment on social capital (UNISA) • Task centred on an experimental analysis of behavioural trust using the Trust Game. • Participants will includethe employed on temporary and permanent employment and sub-groups of the non-employed. • The experimentwill include participants from three countries • Participants will respondto a questionnaire to elicit attitudinal trust and then – with a suitable temporal distance - play a fairly standardtwo round trust game (with real albeit small monetary rewards) to elicit behavioural trust. • The experiment will be repeated at a suitable temporal distance (six months/one year) in order to identify causality between the change in status and changes in behavioural trust & reciprocity www.style-research.eu

8. Task 3: Aspirations of vulnerable young people in foster care (UoB) • Aim: To build on the knowledge and understanding gained through a pilot attitudes and aspirations project • This used a co-enquiry model to build the capacity of 12 YP to understand and articulate the resilient mechanisms nurturing their aspirations • Style: To extend this work through a collaborative research project with young adults 18-25 experiencing multiple disadvantages • Criteria: YP aged 18-25 ( as youth unemployment highest and through mapping exercise the least focused on) www.style-research.eu

9. Task 3: Aspirations of vulnerable young people in foster care (UoB) Method: • Disadvantage: Criminal behaviour/ substance misuse/ homeless/ care-leaver/young parent • Initial focus groups with YP in Hastings, England to understand work aspirations, barriers to employment & resilient moves • Comparative groups in Crete, Greece or Sweden • Collaborative workshops that transforms findings from both Countries into an output that gives voice to the young people’s experiences and promotes resilient moves, adding to existing practice interventions. www.style-research.eu

10. Task 3: Aspirations of vulnerable young people in foster care (UoB) • Aim: To build on the knowledge and understanding gained through a pilot attitudes and aspirations project • This used a co-enquiry model to build the capacity of 12 YP to understand and articulate the resilient mechanisms nurturing their aspirations • Style: To extend this work through a collaborative research project with young adults 18-25 experiencing multiple disadvantages • Criteria: YP aged 18-25 ( as youth unemployment highest and through mapping exercise the least focused on) www.style-research.eu

11. Task 3: Aspirations of vulnerable young people in foster care (UoB) • Aim: To build on the knowledge and understanding gained through a pilot attitudes and aspirations project • This used a co-enquiry model to build the capacity of 12 YP to understand and articulate the resilient mechanisms nurturing their aspirations • Style: To extend this work through a collaborative research project with young adults 18-25 experiencing multiple disadvantages • Criteria: YP aged 18-25 ( as youth unemployment highest and through mapping exercise the least focused on) www.style-research.eu

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13. Task 4: Young People as Outsiders (UOXF) • Youth Outsiderness and Social Participation • Citizenship (Marshall, 1950): • Economic, i.e. ‘right to work’ (labour market) • Social, i.e. ‘right to income’ (Benefits, income) • Political, ‘Right to vote, right to participate’ • Beyond Marshall, informal ties/community/family • Multidimensionality, Townsend (1979) & Lister (1990, 2003) www.style-research.eu

14. Task 4: Young People as Outsiders (UOXF) Defining Labour Market Outsiderness • Broad definition incorporating three dimensions: • Unemployment • Workers on Temporary Contracts • Workers with Income below 60% median income (poverty line) • Categories: insiders, outsiders, inactive, in education • Data: EU-SILC (2008-2011) & Household Equivalised Income • Long-standing debate in the dualization literature and beyond www.style-research.eu

15. Task 4: Young People as Outsiders (UOXF) (1) Mapping Youth Outsiderness across Europe and Welfare Regimes (2) Parallel Steps: • Qualitative Analysis of the relationship between youth outsiderness and social/political participation in Italy, Spain, Austria, Germany & United Kingdom (focus groups and interviews) • Additional Quantitative Analysis (Base-line inference models) (3) Final Quantitative Analysis taking into account Qualitative work www.style-research.eu

16. Timetableofdeliverables www.style-research.eu