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2.1 放射光入門

高エネルギー加速器セミナー　 II 2. 放射光　　 Wed.22,Oct.2006. 2.1 放射光入門. Introduction to Synchrotron Radiation. Contents:. Synchrotron radiation. Properties of synchrotron radiation. Bending magnet. Undulator. Multipole wiggler. Helical undulator. Handling of synchrotron radiation. Reflection optics.

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2.1 放射光入門

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  1. 高エネルギー加速器セミナー　II2. 放射光　　Wed.22,Oct.2006 2.1 放射光入門 Introduction to Synchrotron Radiation

  2. Contents: • Synchrotron radiation. • Properties of synchrotron radiation. • Bending magnet. • Undulator. • Multipole wiggler. • Helical undulator. • Handling of synchrotron radiation. • Reflection optics. • Vacuum ultraviolet & Soft X-ray. • Hard X-ray.

  3. Transmission of the Earth’s atmosphere for electromagnetic radiationA. Unsöld & B. Baschek: The New Cosmos, 4th ed., Ch.3, Fig.3.1.1.

  4. Auger Electron Energies in eV. D. Attwood: Soft X-Rays and Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation, p.426, Table B.3.

  5. Synchrotron radiation • Light unavailable naturally on earth. • Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV), • Soft X-ray (SX), • Hard X-ray (HX), • 10 eV -100 keV. • Ultimate probe for materials sciences. • Covers every absorption region of every atom. • Wavelengths comparable to interatomic distances. • Generated by high energy accelerators. • Special relativity. • 1 GeV – 8 GeV.

  6. Sources of synchrotron radiation Bending magnet: Undulator: Multipole wiggler:

  7. Spectra of synchrotron radiation at the PF and PF-AR: S. Yamamoto

  8. Spectra of undulator radiation: A short-period narrow-gap undulator.

  9. Basic properties of SR. • High brilliance. • Wide energy coverage. • Continuum. • Bending radiation. • Multipole wiggler radiation. • Tunability. • Undulator radiation. • Polarization. • Helical undulator.

  10. Sources of synchrotron radiation Bending magnet: Undulator: Multipole wiggler:

  11. Lorentz transformation – IFlat spacetime:

  12. Lorentz transformation – IIDefinition of the reference frames:

  13. Lorentz transformation – III Transformation matrix: Transformation of contravariant vector: Transformation of covariant vector:

  14. Lorentz transformation – IV Covariant field tensor: Transformation of field:

  15. Lorentz transformation - V In the laboratory frame: In the quasi-rest frame: → (Non-relativistic) electric dipole radiation.

  16. Lorentz transformation – VIElectric dipole radiation: Top view: Side view: Proper system: Laboratory system:

  17. Lorentz transformation – VII Invariants: Transformation of the wavevector: Searchlight / Headlight effect / aberration: Relativistic Doppler shift:

  18. Bending magnet radiation - IWide-band continuum spectrum:

  19. Bending magnet radiation – IICritical energy / critical wavelength From Kim & Attwood:

  20. Spectra of synchrotron radiation at the PF and PF-AR: S. Yamamoto

  21. Bending magnet radiation – IICritical energy / critical wavelength From Kim & Attwood:

  22. Sources of synchrotron radiation Bending magnet: Undulator: Multipole wiggler:

  23. Spectra of undulator radiation: A short-period narrow-gap undulator.

  24. Undulator radiation – I Electron trajectory: Effective Lorentz factor:

  25. Undulator radiation – II

  26. Spectra of undulator radiation: A short-period narrow-gap undulator.

  27. Undulator radiation – I Electron trajectory: Effective contraction factor:

  28. Undulator radiation - III Figure 8 motion: Odd harmonics: On axis Even harmonics: Off axis

  29. Spectra of undulator radiation: A short-period narrow-gap undulator.

  30. Sources of synchrotron radiation Bending magnet: Undulator: Multipole wiggler:

  31. Undulator radiation - III Figure 8 motion: Odd harmonics: On axis Even harmonics: Off axis

  32. Generation of circular polarization APPLE-II type polarization undulator: From S. Sasaki et.al.

  33. Handling of SR - IMirrors in the grazing incidence configuration: Reflectance of Au at 278 eV Rs Power reflectance Rp Angle of incidence (deg)

  34. Handling of SR – IIThe VUV and SX regions: Diffraction gratings. Grating monochromator

  35. Handling of SR – IIIThe hard X-ray region: Crystals. Double crystal monochromator

  36. Synchrotron Radiation Facilitiesin the World: • KEK Homepage （研究者向け） • lightsources.org • 各施設のHomepage。 • KEK Homepage （研究者向け） • 研究活動：物質構造科学研究所：放射光科学研究施設PF • PFの運転状況：＜PFリング、PF-AR＞ • リンク： • Google Mapで見る世界の放射光施設 • 世界の放射光リングの運転状況

  37. Relativistic mechanics - I

  38. Relativistic mechanics - II Relativistic velocity: In the rest frame: In the laboratory frame: Energy-momentum:

  39. Relativistic mechanics – III Relativistic force: Covariant construction of the EM force: Lorentz force equation:

  40. The Liénard-Wiechert potential – I

  41. The Liénard-Wiechert potential – II

  42. Field of accelerated charge – I

  43. Field of accelerated charge – II

  44. Field of accelerated charge - III

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