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PIC Serial Port Interfacing

“Describe the overview of hardware interfacing and the serial communication interface. Describe the PIC16 connections to RS232. Explain the serial port programming using assembly language”. PIC Serial Port Interfacing. Objectives. Explain serial communication protocol

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PIC Serial Port Interfacing

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  1. “Describe the overview of hardware interfacing and the serial communication interface. Describe the PIC16 connections to RS232. Explain the serial port programming using assembly language” PIC Serial Port Interfacing

  2. Objectives • Explain serial communication protocol • Describe data transfer rate and bps rate • Interface the PIC16 with an RS232 connector • Describe the main registers used by serial communication of the PIC16 • Program the PIC16 serial port in Assembly

  3. Introduction • Computers transfer data in two ways: Parallel and Serial. • Parallel: Eight or more data lines, few feet only, short time • Serial: Single data line, long distance • The PIC16 has serial communication capability built into it.

  4. Basics of Serial Communication • The byte of data must be converted to serial bits using a parallel-in-serial-out shift register Serial versus Parallel Data Transfer

  5. Basics of Serial Communication (cont’d) • The receiving end must be a serial-in-parallel-out shift register and pack them into a byte. • Two methods of serial data communication: Synchronous and Asynchronous Transfers a block of data at a time Transfers a single byte at a time

  6. Half-and Full-Duplex Transmission

  7. Start and Stop Bits • In the asynchronous method, each character is placed between start and stop bits (framing) MSB LSB Framing ASCII ‘A’ (41H)

  8. Data Transfer Rate • Rate of data transfer: bps(bits per second) • Another widely used terminology for bps is baud rate • For Asynchronous serial data communication, the baud rate is generally limited to 100,000bps

  9. RS232 Standard • Standard for serial comm (COM port) 1: -3V to -25V; 0: +3V to +25V • Reason: for long distance wired line • Input-output voltage are not TTL(Transistor Logic) compatible • So, we need MAX232/233 for voltage converter. Commonly known as line drivers

  10. DB-25 25-Pin Connector DB-9 9-Pin Connector RS232 Pins Connectors: Minimally, 3 wires: RxD, TxD, GND Could have 9-pin or 25-pin

  11. Data in Data out DB-9 9-Pin Connector RS232 Pins (cont’d) IBM PC DB-9 Signals Pin 1 – Data Carrier Detect (DCD) Pin 2 – Received Data (RxD) Pin 3 – Transmitted Data (TxD) Pin 4 – Data Terminal Ready (DTR) Pin 5 – Signal Ground (GND) Pin 6 – Data Set Ready (/DSR) Pin 7 – Request to Send (/RTS) Pin 8 – Clear to Send (/CTS) Pin 9 – Ring Indicator (RI)

  12. PIC16 Connection to RS232 Line driver (a) Inside MAX232 (b) its Connection to the PIC16

  13. PIC16 Connection to RS232 (Cont’d) Line driver (a) Inside MAX233 (b) Its Connection to the PIC16

  14. SPBRG Register and Baud Rate in the PIC16 • The baud rate in the PIC16 is programmable • The value loaded into the SPBRG decides the baud rate • Depend on crystal frequency *For XTAL = 10MHz only!

  15. Baud Rate Formula Desired Baud Rate = Fosc/(64(X+1)) Example: If Fosc = 10 MHz X = (156250/Desired Baud Rate) - 1 Desired baud rate = 1200, Clock Frequency = 10MHz X = (156250/1200) – 1 X = 129.21 = 129 = 81H

  16. TXREG Register • 8-bit register used for serial communication in the PIC16 • For a byte of data to be transferred via the Tx pin, it must be placed in the TXREG register

  17. RCREG Register • 8-bit register used for serial communication in the PIC16 • When the bits are received serially via the Rx pin, the PIC16 deframes them by eliminating the START and STOP bit, making a byte out of data received and then placing in the RCREG register

  18. TXSTA (Transmit Status and Control Register)

  19. TXSTA (Transmit Status and Control Register) (Cont’d)

  20. RCSTA (Receive Status and Control Register)

  21. RCSTA (Receive Status and Control Register) (Cont’d)

  22. PIR1 (Peripheral Interrupt Request Register 1)

  23. Programming the PIC16 to Transfer Data Serially • TXSTA register = 20H: Indicating asynchronous mode with 8-bit data frame, low baud rate and transmit enabled • Set Tx pin an output • Loaded SPBRG for baud rate • Enabled the serial port (SPEN = 1) • Character byte to transmit is write into TXREG • Keep Monitor TXIF bit • To transmit next character, go to step 5

  24. Example ;Write a program for the PIC16 to transfer the letter 'G' serially ;at 9600 baud continuously. Assume XTAL = 10 MHz MOVLW B'00100000' MOVWF TXSTA MOVLW D'15' MOVWF SPBRG BCF TRISC, TX BSF RCSTA, SPEN OVER MOVLW A 'G' S1 BTFSS PIR1, TXIF BRA S1 MOVWF TXREG BRA OVER

  25. Programming the PIC16 to Receive Data Serially • RCSTA register = 90H: To enable the continuous receive in addition to the 8-bit data size option • The TXSTA register = 00H: To choose the low baud rate option • Loaded SPBRG for baud rate • Set Rx pin an input • Keep Monitor RCIF bit • Move RCREG into a safe place • To receive next character, go to step 5

  26. Example ;Write a program for the PIC16 to receive data serially and ;put them on PORTB. Set the baud rate at 9600, 8-bit data ;and 1 stop bit MOVLW B‘10010000' MOVWF RCSTA MOVLW D'15' MOVWF SPBRG BSF TRISC, RX CLRF TRISB R1 BTFSS PIR1, RCIF BRA R1 MOVFF RCREG, PORTB BRA R1

  27. Transmit and Receive • This program shows a PIC16 program with the • following parts: • Sends the message “YES” once to the PC screen • Gets data on switches and transmits it via the serial • port to the PC’s screen • 3.Receives any key press sent by HyperTerminal and • puts it on LEDs • This program performs part 1 once, but parts 2 and • 3 continuously

  28. Summary • Serial Communication- data is sent one bit a time, is used in situations where data is sent over significant distances because in parallel communications, where data is sent a byte or more a time, great distances can cause distortion of the data. • Additional advantage- allowing transmission over phone lines • Asynchronous- data is sent one byte at a time and synchronous communication- data is sent in blocks of bytes • Simplex- can sent but cannot receive, half duplex- can send and receive, but not at the same time and full duplex- can send and receive at the same time • RS232- standard foe serial communication connectors

  29. “Life is not so short but that there is always time enough for courtesy” – Quote by Ralph Waldo Emerson End of Chapter

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