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Molecular Biology

Molecular Biology. I. Introduction. A. History. 1. A . Meischer (1868) found consistent band rich in acid-phosphates. 2. F . Griffith (1928) protein was not the inherited molecule. 3. E . Chagraff (1942) T = A and G = C.

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Molecular Biology

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  1. Molecular Biology I.Introduction A.History

  2. 1. A. Meischer (1868) found consistent band rich in acid-phosphates 2. F. Griffith (1928) protein was not the inherited molecule

  3. 3. E. Chagraff (1942) T=A and G=C 4. E. Delbrook, A. Hersheyand M. Chase (1952) DNA inherited molecule

  4. 5. R. Franklin (1952) DNA => uniform diameter, helical shape, repeatable sequences. 6. J. Watson & F. Crick (1953) built a model of DNA Figure 10.3

  5. II.DNA Replication A.Definition B.Rules

  6. 1. Directional. build DNA 5’ to 3’ read 3’ to 5’ Figure 11.5

  7. 2. Semi-conservative 3. Players == DNA Helicase, RNA Primase,DNA Polymerase, and DNA Ligase.

  8. C.Process

  9. 1. DNA HelicaseUn-winds to form replication bubbles Figure 11.7

  10. 2.RNA Primaselays downshort RNA sequenceagainst DNA

  11. 3. DNA Polymerase reads 3’ to 5’ direction and lays down (5’ to 3’) Leading edge vs. Lagging edge(Okasaki fragments).

  12. 4. DNA Ligaseedits, excises, and refolds

  13. III.Genetic Code

  14. A.DNA RNA Protein B. Triplet Code

  15. C. Specific Codes = Start, Stop, and Special Figure 11.10

  16. IV.Transcription A.Definition & Players B.Process

  17. 1. Initiation == transcription factorsattach, unwind, and orientRNA polymerase along the DNA strands

  18. 2. Elongation == RNA polymerasereadsandlays down bases

  19. 3. Termination == initiation factorsrecognize and release the RNA polymerase & Modification Figure 11.12

  20. V.Translation A.Definition & Players B.Process

  21. 1. Initiation == rRNAreadsstart codon on mRNA, and attaches, first tRNAlands to match its anti-codon to codon Figure 11.15

  22. 2. Elongation == matching tRNA’santi-codon to mRNA’scodonas the ribosome slides along the mRNA Figure 11.16

  23. Codon Chart Figure 11.10

  24. 3. Termination = ribosomereads a stop codon, releaseprotein from last tRNA, releasetRNA, and removeribosome 4. Modification = cutting and foldingprotein

  25. C.Organelles

  26. 1. Intracellular What organelles are involved in building proteins which are to be used by the cell? Ribosomes! 2. Extracellular What organelles are involved in building proteins which are to be put into vacuoles for shipping or retention? Ribosomes, rER, and Golgi!

  27. Meaning comes with effort.

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