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Decesion Support Systems

Decesion Support Systems. John O’Gorman Dept MIS. Structured and Unstructured Problems. Structured Problems Proven set of steps for solution Algorithm Unstructured Problems Multiple potential solution Semistructured Problems Neither fully structured nor totally unstructured.

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Decesion Support Systems

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  1. Decesion Support Systems John O’Gorman Dept MIS

  2. Structured andUnstructured Problems • Structured Problems • Proven set of steps for solution • Algorithm • Unstructured Problems • Multiple potential solution • Semistructured Problems • Neither fully structured nor totally unstructured

  3. Structured andUnstructured Problems • Programmable Problems • Specific programs can be written to solve • Structured problems are programmable • Unstructured problems are unprogrammable • Managers and Semistructured Problems • Most common type of problem for managers

  4. DSS Components • Decision Support Systems (DSS) • Computer-based information systems that help managers select one of many solutions • Automates some of decision-making process • Sophisticated and fast analysis • Used at all management levels

  5. DSS Components • Three Major Components • Data management module • Database • External Structured Data • Model management module • Model for Analysis e.g. Regression • Dialog management module • Parameter Modification • Display of Results • Connection to other Modules

  6. Types of DecisionSupport Systems • Personal Decision Support Systems • Serve individual users in daily decision making • Run on personal computers • Single model for data processing

  7. Types of DecisionSupport Systems • Group Decision Support Systems • Promote brainstorming and group decision making • Located in conference room or on networked computers • Weigh votes to overcome impasses

  8. Sensitivity Analysis • Sensitivity analysis • Tests degree to which result is affected by change in parameters • What-if analysis • Can change multiple parameters at once

  9. Future/Current Development • Natural Language Query/Visual Display • Support for Acessing External Data Sources (XML/ADO) • Zero Administration • Concurrency • Document Repositories

  10. Expert System • Embody Human understanding • Target not explicit model • Target is tacit understanding • Implications from Ba

  11. Expert Systems • Limited to Specific Domain • Limited to Specific Problem ina Specific Domain • Organisation Context • Comprehensive / Muiltiple tasks / Useful Life • Who makes the decesions • Type of Solution (Time, Number)

  12. Conclusion • DSS encapsulate Mdoels • ES encapsulate tacit understanding • Make unstructured structures

  13. Executive Information Systems John O’Gorman Dept of MIS

  14. EIS - What is it? • Strutured Data System • Superior User Interface • Drill Down Features • Trend Analysis • Visual Query Features • Communicate with other data sources

  15. EIS - The Aim • Aeroplane Metaphor • Cockpit equiped with early warning instrumentation • By Mid-90’s had not worked out

  16. EIS - The Problem • Lack of Data Integration • Dependability/Consistency Issues • EIS developed as complete new system • Predefined query path • Slow Database Software • EIS stopped been EIS • Business Intelligent System • Decesion Support System

  17. EIS - Implementation • High Costs • Unknown Benefits • Threat to existing functional areas • Executive training • Incompatibility with Corporate procedures

  18. 1. Data Integration 2. New Development 3. Set queries 4. Slow DB 5. Exec Training ERP Emergent System Visual Query Tools Better Technology New Breed EIS - What Changed?

  19. EIS - Uses (Scottish Power) • Standarize Information • Scottish Power • Visible Performance Levels • Model Organisations CSF • Phased approach • Only Financial System in DB • Long Term Forecast • Fuelled Decentalisation

  20. EIS - Uses (Nike) • Profitability System (1980’s) • One question leads to another • Daily Flash - Transaction warning • Query Engine • Trend Analysis • Real Time reporting

  21. Conclusion • EIS problems from • lack of integration • Lagging Technology • Physical barriers overcome • New potentails arise (decentralisation etc)

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